Unusual dual role of the organic amine in an open-framework structure

The hydrothermal synthesis and single crystal structure determination of a new open-framework zinc phosphate, [NH3(CH2)3NH3]2[NH3(CH2)3NH2]2[Zn12(OH2)2(PO4)10]·H2O, is reported. Crystal data: monoclinic, space group Pn (no. 7), a=13.092(2), b=14.272(2), c=14.220(1) Å, β= 90.3(2)°, V=2656.9(1) Å3, Z=2, M=1927.6, R=0.04. The structure is made up of tetrahedral linkages between ZnO4, ZnO3N and PO4 moieties forming distinct channels. The structure-directing amine is present in two distinct forms, in the free state and as a ligand to zinc, the two species occurring in distinct channels

Assessment of sustainable vermiconversion of water hyacinth by Eudrilus eugeniae and Eisenia fetida

The present work has assessed sustainable vermiconversion of aquatic weed water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes). The garden soil, water hyacinth and cow dung were taken in the following the combinations of 1: 2 : 1, 2: 1: 1 and 1 : 1: 2. Two species of earthworms Eudrilus eugeniae and Eisenia fetida was used for the experiment. The total nitrogen (0.18% in control and 1.68% in earthworm treated) and phosphate (0.63 % in control and 1.64 % in earthworm treated) levels were increased and toxic heavy metals zinc (7.66 ppm in control and 2.58 ppm in earthworm treated) and copper (6.68 ppm in control and 1.15 ppm in earthworm treated) were significantly decreased. The earthworm enriches the compost with various nutrients for plant and microbial growth. Plant growth studies were conducted in all the combination of water hyacinth, maximum growth of root length (8.9cm and 7.2 in control) and shoot length (21.6cm and 16.2 in control) observed compare to control. Gut microbial analysis revealed that Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus were predominantly present in the earthworm. The study recommended that the aquatic weed compost was suitable of agricultural usage

Three-dimensional open-framework zinc phosphates with the structure-directing organic amines acting as ligands

Two new three-dimensional zinc phosphates I, [NH(CH2)2NH2 (CH2)2NH3]2+[Zn5(PO4)4]2- and II, [CN5H6]+ [Zn2(PO4)(HPO4]-, where the structure-directing organic amine acts as a ligand, have been synthesized hydrothermally. Crystal data for I : a=27.071(2), b=5.215(1), c=17.920(1) Å, β =130.3(1)°; U=1930.9(3) Å3; space group=Cc (no. 9) ; Z=4; M=811.01; Dcalc=2.789 g cm-3; MoKα and for II : a=8.089(1), b=12.771(1), c=10.067(1) Å, β=105.3(1)°; U=1000.3(2) Å3; space group=P21/n (no. 14) ; Z=4; M=409.8; Dcalc=2.713 g cm-3; MoKα. Compound I is novel in the sense that it is dominated by the presence of a large number of three-coordinated oxygen atoms (25%), leading to the formation of inÐnite Zn-O-Zn chains. The presence of a distorted bipyramidal ZnO3N2 unit as well as a 2-membered ring in II is noteworthy. These structures are formed by the networking of ZnO4, ZnO3N, PO4 and ZnO3N2 moieties, leading to the formation of three-dimensional structures possessing channels with I forming a 10-membered one-dimensional channel system and II forming two 8-membered channels

An open-framework iron phosphate with large voids, exhibiting spin-crossover

A novel iron phosphate, [(C4N3H16)(C4N3H15)]5+-[Fe5F4(H2PO4)(HPO4)3(PO4)3]5−·H2O, consisting of a Fe-O/F-Fe network crosslinked by PO4 groups is shown to possess unusually large elliptical voids of 24 T atoms (T=Fe, P) and to exhibit a gradual low- to high-spin transformation

Does the Second Caustic Ring of Dark Matter Cause the Monoceros Ring of Stars ?

Caustic rings of dark matter were predicted to exist in the plane of the Galaxy at radii $a_n \simeq 40 {\rm kpc}/n$ for $n = 1,2,3 ..$. The recently discovered Monoceros Ring of stars is located near the $n=2$ caustic, prompting us to consider a possible connection between these two objects. We identify two processes through which the Monoceros Ring of stars may have formed. One process is the migration of gas to an angular velocity minimum at the caustic leading to enhanced star formation there. The other is the adiabatic deformation of star orbits as the caustic slowly grows in mass and radius. The second process predicts an order 100% enhancement of the density of disk stars at the location of the caustic ring.Comment: 21 pages, 3 figure

A zinc phosphate oxalate with phosphate layers pillared by the oxalate units

An open-framework phosphate oxalate of zinc, of composition [NH3(CH2)3NH3][Zn6(PO4)4(C2O4)], 1, has been synthesized, for the first time, employing hydrothermal methods in the presence of ethylenediamine. The structure comprises a network of Zn(1)O5, Zn(2)O4, Zn(3)O5 polyhedra and PO4 tetrahedra connected through their vertices forming neutral layers bridged by the oxalate units, giving one-dimensional channels. The presence of Zn in tetrahedral, trigonal-bipyramidal and square-pyramidal coordinations, and the formation of neutral layers, are noteworthy features

A novel open-framework zinc phosphate with intersecting helical channels

A new open-framework zinc phosphate, possessing two interpenetrating 8-membered helical channels, has been synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions

A three-dimensional open-framework tin(II) phosphate exhibiting reversible dehydration and ion-exchange properties

A three-dimensional open-framework tin(II) phosphate, prepared hydrothermally with 1,3-diaminopentane as the template, is shown to exhibit reversible dehydration and ion-exchange properties

The statistics of particle velocities in dense granular flows

We present measurements of the particle velocity distribution in the flow of granular material through vertical channels. Our study is confined to dense, slow flows where the material shears like a fluid only in thin layers adjacent to the walls, while a large core moves without continuous deformation, like a solid. We find the velocity distribution to be non-Gaussian, anisotropic, and to follow a power law at large velocities. Remarkably, the distribution is identical in the fluid-like and solid-like regions. The velocity variance is maximum at the core, defying predictions of hydrodynamic theories. We show evidence of spatially correlated motion, and propose a mechanism for the generation of fluctuational motion in the absence of shear.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

An evolutionary perspective on the kinome of malaria parasites

Malaria parasites belong to an ancient lineage that diverged very early from the main branch of eukaryotes. The approximately 90-member plasmodial kinome includes a majority of eukaryotic protein kinases that clearly cluster within the AGC, CMGC, TKL, CaMK and CK1 groups found in yeast, plants and mammals, testifying to the ancient ancestry of these families. However, several hundred millions years of independent evolution, and the specific pressures brought about by first a photosynthetic and then a parasitic lifestyle, led to the emergence of unique features in the plasmodial kinome. These include taxon-restricted kinase families, and unique peculiarities of individual enzymes even when they have homologues in other eukaryotes. Here, we merge essential aspects of all three malaria-related communications that were presented at the Evolution of Protein Phosphorylation meeting, and propose an integrated discussion of the specific features of the parasite's kinome and phosphoproteome