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Reduction of Machine Tool Times Through a Software/Hardware Integrated Solution
Toolmaking is an industry that creates metal moulds, generally of durable tool steels, for
producing vacuum-formed and injection moulded plastic parts, which are used in thousands
of everyday items such as mobile phones. At present toolmaking is labour intensive with each
machining operation requiring manual supervision. The FASTOOL project was a European
Union funded collaboration that was aimed at reducing the manpower content of mould
toolmaking, and extending the working day. This paper focuses on one element which utilised
specially created scheduling and control software that operated an automated overhead gantry
system and could remotely start the workshop machines. The software was completely object
oriented which allows future proofing by creating new objects for new machines. The results
demonstrate that this manufacturing process can be automated, leading to better working
conditions for employees and an increase in efficiency and profitability.Mechanical Engineerin
The 2mrad horizontal crossing angle IR layout for a TeV ILC
The current status of the 2mrad crossing angle layout for the ILC is
reviewed. The scheme developed in the UK and France is described and the
performance discussed for a TeV machine. Secondly, the scheme developed at SLAC
and BNL is then studied and modified for a TeV machine. We find that both
schemes can handle the higher energy beam with modifications, and share many
common features.Comment: The proceedings of the 2005 International Linear Collider Workshop,
March 2005. 4 pages, 5 figure
Epidemiology of tobacco smoking in patients undergoing elective vascular surgery in the UK
[no abstract
What Counts in Brain Aging? Design-Based Stereological Analysis of Cell Number
The advent and implementation of new design-based stereological techniques allows the quantification of cell number without the assumptions required when obtaining areal densities. These new techniques are rapidly becoming the standard for quantifying cell number, particularly in aging studies. Recently, studies using stereological techniques have failed to confirm earlier findings regarding age-associated neural loss. This newly emerging view of retained cell number during aging is having a major impact on biogerontology, prompting revaluation of long-standing hypotheses of age-related cell loss as causal for age-related impairments in brain functioning. Rather than focus on neuronal loss as the end-result of a negative cascade of neuronal injury, research has begun to consider that age-related behavioral declines may reflect neuronal dysfunction (e.g., synaptic or receptor loss, signal transduction deficits) instead of neuronal death. Here we discuss design-based stereology in the context of age-related change in brain cell number and its impact on consideration of structural change in brain aging. Emergence of this method of morphometries, however, can have relevance to many areas of gerontological researc
Knowing What Counts: Unbiased Stereology in the Non-human Primate Brain
The non-human primate is an important translational species for understanding the normal function and disease processes of the human brain. Unbiased stereology, the method accepted as state-of-the-art for quantification of biological objects in tissue sections2, generates reliable structural data for biological features in the mammalian brain3. The key components of the approach are unbiased (systematic-random) sampling of anatomically defined structures (reference spaces), combined with quantification of cell numbers and size, fiber and capillary lengths, surface areas, regional volumes and spatial distributions of biological objects within the reference space4. Among the advantages of these stereological approaches over previous methods is the avoidance of all known sources of systematic (non-random) error arising from faulty assumptions and non-verifiable models. This study documents a biological application of computerized stereology to estimate the total neuronal population in the frontal cortex of the vervet monkey brain (Chlorocebus aethiops sabeus), with assistance from two commercially available stereology programs, BioQuant Life Sciences and Stereologer (Figure 1). In addition to contrast and comparison of results from both the BioQuant and Stereologer systems, this study provides a detailed protocol for the Stereologer system
An Injector for the CLIC Test Facility (CTF3)
The CLIC Test Facility (CTF3) is an intermediate step to demonstrate the technical feasibility of the key concepts of the new RF power source for CLIC. CTF3 will use electron beams with an energy range adjustable from 170 MeV (3.5 A) to 380 MeV (with low current). The injector is based on a thermionic gun followed by a classical bunching system embedded in a long solenoidal field. As an alternative, an RF photo-injector is also being studied. The beam dynamics studies on how to reach the stringent beam parameters at the exit of the injector are presented. Simulations performed with the EGUN code showed that a current of 7 A can be obtained with an emittance less than 10 mm.mrad at the gun exit. PARMELA results are presented and compared to the requested beam performance at the injector exit. Sub-Harmonic Bunchers (SHB) are foreseen, to switch the phase of the bunch trains by 180 degrees from even to odd RF buckets. Specific issues of the thermionic gun and of the SHB with fast phase switch are discussed
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