Possibilities for a Small Country in High Technology Production - The Electronics Industry in Finland

The paper describes the development of the Finnish electronics industry as well as its innovation activities and innovation management. It also clearly points out the special problems of a small country competing in the field of high technology. One of the essential conclusions is that it is extremely important to ensure good contacts between final users and producers, when a specialized product is going to be developed. This has been one of the success factors of the Finnish industrial electronics sector. This is also important conclusion with regard to the capabilities of different countries to produce CIM-technologies

Local negotiation and alignment of expectations and transfer of lessons in niche development trajectories : meta analysis of 22 new energy projects in Europe

This paper examines the tension between the need to maintain diversity and the need to support path creation in the promotion of emerging sustainable technologies. The analysis is framed within the niche development literature and in particular the dynamics of socio-cognitive technology evolution as elaborated by Geels and Raven (2006). This literature offers a framework for analyzing the relation between individual projects in local contexts and the transfer of local experiences into generally applicable rules on the ‘global niche level’. We address this question by examining two case studies drawn from a meta-analysis of 22 new energy projects throughout Europe. These two case studies, both pertaining to biogas projects for local municipalities, illustrate the diversity of applications introduced into a generic technology through processes of local variation and selection. We examine the diversity of expectations, and the negotiation and alignment of these expectations, underlying the diversity of local solutions. Moreover, we identify the types of generally applicable rules that the projects produced for the ‘global niche level’, and suggest that the transfer of lessons from individual local experiments can follow different pathways, but always requires due attention to the social and cultural limits to the transferability of solutions

Local negotiation and alignment of expectations and transfer of lessons in niche development trajectories : meta analysis of 22 new energy projects in Europe

This paper examines the tension between the need to maintain diversity and the need to support path creation in the promotion of emerging sustainable technologies. The analysis is framed within the niche development literature and in particular the dynamics of socio-cognitive technology evolution as elaborated by Geels and Raven (2006). This literature offers a framework for analyzing the relation between individual projects in local contexts and the transfer of local experiences into generally applicable rules on the ‘global niche level’. We address this question by examining two case studies drawn from a meta-analysis of 22 new energy projects throughout Europe. These two case studies, both pertaining to biogas projects for local municipalities, illustrate the diversity of applications introduced into a generic technology through processes of local variation and selection. We examine the diversity of expectations, and the negotiation and alignment of these expectations, underlying the diversity of local solutions. Moreover, we identify the types of generally applicable rules that the projects produced for the ‘global niche level’, and suggest that the transfer of lessons from individual local experiments can follow different pathways, but always requires due attention to the social and cultural limits to the transferability of solutions

Fotoeducación: información básica

En las últimas décadas, a nivel mundial y en Cuba particularmente, ha aumentado de la incidencia de cáncer de piel, debido en gran medida a los cambios ambientales, sumado a nuevos patrones de belleza y a la desinformación existente en relación con el tema. El objetivo de este trabajo es aportar información elemental al médico no especialista en dermatología, y al personal de la salud en general, sobre la prevención del cáncer cutáneo

The contribution of local experiments and negotiation processes to field-level learning in emerging (niche) technologies : meta-analysis of 27 new energy projects in Europe

This article examines how local experiments and negotiation processes contribute to social and field-level learning. The analysis is framed within the niche development literature, which offers a framework for analyzing the relation between projects in local contexts and the transfer of local experiences into generally applicable rules. The authors examine 2 case studies drawn from a meta-analysis of 27 new energy projects. The case studies, both pertaining to biogas projects for local municipalities, illustrate the diversity of applications for a technology through processes of local variation and selection. The authors examine the diversity of expectations and the negotiation and alignment of these expectations underlying the diversity of local solutions. Moreover, the authors address how the transfer of lessons from individual local experiments can follow different pathways and yet always require due attention to the social and cultural limits to the transferability of solutions