Isotopes du milieu et circulation d’eaux sulfurées dans le Latium.

International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna

History of Aral Sea level variability and current scientific debates

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Over a longer timescale, Holocene palaeolimnological reconstruction of variability in water levels of the Aral Sea since 11,700 BP indicates a long history of alternating phases of regression and transgression, which have been attributed variously to climate, tectonic and anthropogenic forcing. The hydrological history of the Aral Sea has been investigated by application of a variety of scientific approaches, including archaeology, palaeolimnological palaeoclimate reconstruction, geophysics, sedimentology, and more recently, space science. Many issues concerning lake level variability over the Holocene and more recent timescales, and the processes that drive the changes, are still a matter for active debate. Our aim in this article is to review the current debates regarding key issues surrounding the causes and magnitude of Aral Sea level variability on a variety of timescales from months to thousands of years. Many researchers have shown that the main driving force of Aral Sea regressions and transgressions is climate change, while other authors have argued that anthropogenic forcing is the main cause of Aral Sea water level variations over the Holocene. Particular emphasis is made on contributions from satellite remote sensing data in order to improve our understanding of the influence of groundwater on the current hydrological water budget of the Aral Sea since 2005. Over this period of time, water balance computation has been performed and has shown that the underground water inflow to the Aral Sea is close to zero with an uncertainty of 3 km(3)/year. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Aral Sea Level Variability

The Aral Sea has drastically shrunk over the past 50 years, largely due to water withdrawal from the Amudarya and Syrdarya rivers for land irrigation. If one were to look back over the Holocene,1 the paleolimnology of the Aral Sea is however already marked by the occurrence of several phases of regression and transgression. They resulted partly from climate change, for tectonic reasons, and over the last 2,000 years anthropogenic actions also played a role. After a short review of the paleohistory of the Aral Sea, we will focus on a description of the causes and magnitude of episodes of historical (last 100 years) Aral Sea level variability. The Aral Sea has been marked since the middle of the last century by a process of desiccation due to increase of water intake from the Amudarya and Syrdarya rivers for agricultural purposes. This led to the separation of the Aral Sea into two (in 1986-1987) and then four (in 2009) water bodies. Measurements of Aral Sea water level and surface and water balance were carried out by both in situ gauges and remote-sensing satellite data. This allows for a better understanding of the seasonal, interannual, and decadal trend in Aral Sea water storage variations

Production and use of stable isotopes in France

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