On Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Hyper BCK-Ideals of Hyper BCK Algebras

In this paper, we apply the concept of an interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy set to hyper BCK-ideals in hyper BCK-algebras. The notion of an interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzification of (strong, weak, s-weak) hyper BCK-ideals is introduced, and related properties are investigated. Characterizations of an interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzification of hyper BCK-ideals are established

The topology of the P-T diagram of DOBBCA in the vicinity of the reentrant nematic-smectic C-smectic A multicritical point

The P-T diagram of 4(4-n-decyloxybenzoyloxy)-benzylidene-4'-cyanoanihe shows a new kind of multicriticd point, viz., a reentrant nematic-smectic C-smectic A point, at 0.55 ± 0.01 kbar and 86.8 ± 0.1° C. The topology of the diagram close to this point has been studied using precise optical hgh pressure techniques

Antimicrobial Resistance in Nepal

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem to animal and public health. It has drawn the attention of public health experts, stakeholders, and medical science due to the substantial economic loss that it causes to individuals and nation as a whole. Various cross-sectional studies and some national surveys in developing countries have shown increase in the burden of antimicrobial resistance. Nepal is one of the major contributors to the growing burden of AMR due to widespread irrational use of antibiotics along with poor health care systems poor infection control and prevention measures. This review was conducted to summarize the situation of AMR in Nepal, determinants of AMR, current government intervention strategies and the way forward to reduce the AMR burden in Nepal. Available cross sectional reports warn that bacterial pathogens are becoming highly resistant to most first- and some second-line antibiotics. The irrational and injudicious use of high doses of antibiotics for therapy and sub-optimal doses as growth promoters are leading causes of AMR in Nepal. Establishment of a surveillance programme and a national plan for containment of AMR, following the National Antibiotics Treatment Guideline 2014 and generation of awareness among veterinarians, technicians, and medical physicians on prudent use of antimicrobial drugs in Nepal could reduce the burden of AMR. In addition, there is a need to develop a national laboratory strategic plan to provide guidance and governance to national laboratories

Algorithm for Solving Tri-diagonal Finite Volume Discretized Linear Systems

In this paper we present efficient computational algorithms for solving finite volume discretized tri-diagonal linear systems. The implementation of the algorithm for steady state finite volume structured grids linear system using MS Excel is presented. An example is given in order to illustrate the algorithms

Note on the organic production in the inshore waters of the Gulf of Mannar

Although considerable data are available on the standing crop of plankton, practically no information is available on the daily production of organic matter in our waters and there fore investigations were started in 1957, with ' a view to measuring the magnitude of production of organic matter by the plankton alga and its fluctuations

Maize in Nepal: Production Systems, Constraints, and Priorities for Research

Crop Production/Industries, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

Novel Mannich bases bearing pyrazolone moiety. Synthesis, characterization and electrochemical studies

The present investigation describes a series of new {4-[3-Methyl-5-oxo-4-(4|-substituted phenyl hydrazono)-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-1-yl]-phenoxy}-acetic acid (2-oxo-1-piperidine-1-ylmethyl-1,2-dihydro–indol-3-ylidene)-hydrazides synthesized by the Mannich reaction of {4-[3-Methyl-5-oxo-4-(4|-substituted phenyl hydrazono)-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-1-yl]-phenoxy}-acetic acid (2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidene)-hydrazide with aqueous formaldehyde and a solution of piperidine in dimethylformamide. These novel Mannich bases were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and mass spectral data. Electrochemical behavior of these compounds were studied by two techniques namely polarography and cyclic voltammetry. The results from both the techniques were compared and the reduction mechanism in acidic as well as basic medium was proposed

Finite element modelling of natural vibration problems

Finite element models of Modified Rayleigh-Ritz, Galerkin, Least Square, Hybrid (Pian's) and Collocation methods are presented for natural vibration problems. A comparative assessment is made of these methods with Rayleigh-Ritz finite element models. This study brings out that the Galerkin model is relatively superior. A method of improving the accuracy in the estimation of eigenvalues is also included

X-ray, dielectric and high pressure studies on a compound exhibiting ferro-, ferri- and antiferroelectric smectic phases

We report X-ray layer spacing, dielectric constant and high pressure measurements on a compound that exhibits the following sequence of phase transitions: smectic A-ferroelectric smectic C∗-ferrielectric smectic Cy∗-antiferroelectric smectic CA∗ -hexatic antiferroelectric smectic IA∗-crystal K. The pressure-temperature diagram shows two three-phase meeting points, which are topologically consistent with critical end points, and reentrant behavior of the C∗ and C∗ phases as the pressure is varied at constant temperature