1,740 research outputs found
Optical diode based on the chirality of guided photons
Photons are nonchiral particles: their handedness can be both left and right.
However, when light is transversely confined, it can locally exhibit a
transverse spin whose orientation is fixed by the propagation direction of the
photons. Confined photons thus have chiral character. Here, we employ this to
demonstrate nonreciprocal transmission of light at the single-photon level
through a silica nanofibre in two experimental schemes. We either use an
ensemble of spin-polarised atoms that is weakly coupled to the nanofibre-guided
mode or a single spin-polarised atom strongly coupled to the nanofibre via a
whispering-gallery-mode resonator. We simultaneously achieve high optical
isolation and high forward transmission. Both are controlled by the internal
atomic state. The resulting optical diode is the first example of a new class
of nonreciprocal nanophotonic devices which exploit the chirality of confined
photons and which are, in principle, suitable for quantum information
processing and future quantum optical networks
Large violation of Bell inequalities with low entanglement
In this paper we obtain violations of general bipartite Bell inequalities of
order with inputs, outputs and
-dimensional Hilbert spaces. Moreover, we construct explicitly, up to a
random choice of signs, all the elements involved in such violations: the
coefficients of the Bell inequalities, POVMs measurements and quantum states.
Analyzing this construction we find that, even though entanglement is necessary
to obtain violation of Bell inequalities, the Entropy of entanglement of the
underlying state is essentially irrelevant in obtaining large violation. We
also indicate why the maximally entangled state is a rather poor candidate in
producing large violations with arbitrary coefficients. However, we also show
that for Bell inequalities with positive coefficients (in particular, games)
the maximally entangled state achieves the largest violation up to a
logarithmic factor.Comment: Reference [16] added. Some typos correcte
Der Einfluss von reduzierter Bodenbearbeitung und ZwischenfrΓΌchten auf die Unkrautsamenbank nach ΓΆkologischem Winterweizen- und Kartoffelbau
Conservation agriculture is one answer to counteract problems that are arising with climate change and soil degradation since the period of agricultural intensification. The main objectives of conservation agriculture are reduction of tillage intensity and a
permanent soil cover by cash and cover crops. However, increased weed infestations are frequently reported in minimum tillage systems, particularly under organic
management, resulting in increased weed seed banks.
In two field experiments introduced in 2010 and 2011 and starting with two years grass-clover followed by winter wheat and potatoes, we evaluated the effect of chisel
ploughing with mulch application to potatoes and different cover crops after winter wheat on the weed seed bank. Therefore, soil cores were taken before sowing wheat
and after potato harvest and the viable weed seed bank from soil samples was assessed over a nine month period. Our results suggested a strong influence of weather conditions resulting in decreased and increased weed seed banks in the first and second experiments, respectively. Furthermore, winter wheat was confirmed as the main contributor of weed seeds to the seed bank resulting in dominances of winter
annual weeds
EinflΓΌsse von Minimalbodenbearbeitung und Transfermulch auf den Initialbefall und die Populationsentwicklung des KartoffelkΓ€fers (Leptinotarsa decemlineata)
The growing economic importance of potatoes in organic agriculture has led to the intensification of potato production and farm specialization. This has in turn increased the occurrence of the Colorado potato beetle, the most important potato insect pest worldwide. The effects of the application of green manure mulch to potatoes, which
improves water and nutrient availability were investigated in a long-term field experiment, comparing two potato cultivation systems: conventional ploughing and hilling versus reduced tillage with dead mulch application. There were no differences in the initial degree of potato beetle infestation. However, a significant reduction in the
number of potato beetle larvae and eggs was observed. The mechanism behind the effects should examined in future experiments
Connes' embedding problem and Tsirelson's problem
We show that Tsirelson's problem concerning the set of quantum correlations
and Connes' embedding problem on finite approximations in von Neumann algebras
(known to be equivalent to Kirchberg's QWEP conjecture) are essentially
equivalent. Specifically, Tsirelson's problem asks whether the set of bipartite
quantum correlations generated between tensor product separated systems is the
same as the set of correlations between commuting C*-algebras. Connes'
embedding problem asks whether any separable II factor is a subfactor of
the ultrapower of the hyperfinite II factor. We show that an affirmative
answer to Connes' question implies a positive answer to Tsirelson's.
Conversely, a positve answer to a matrix valued version of Tsirelson's problem
implies a positive one to Connes' problem
Global complexity: some remarks to the "Author meets critic session" at the DGS congress in 2004
Der Beitrag dokumentiert die Diskussion auf der "Author Meets Critic"-Veranstaltung zu John Urrys "Sociology Beyond Societies" auf dem 32. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft fΓΌr Soziologie (2004). ZunΓ€chst erlΓ€utert Urry den Grundgedanken seines Ansatzes, der auf eine Aufhebung der Trennung zwischen Naturwissenschaften und Gesellschaftswissenschaften hinauslΓ€uft. Unter dem Leitbild "KomplexitΓ€t" wird die Analyse physischer und sozialer Welten integriert. Dabei werden auch Elemente von Hardt/Negris "Empire und Multitude"-Konzept aufgegriffen. Der Begriff der Globalen KomplexitΓ€t steht auch im Mittelpunkt der Kommentare von Junge und Schwengel zu Urrys Buch. (ICE
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Selective reductive amination of aldehydes from nitro compounds catalyzed by molybdenum sulfide clusters
Secondary amines are selectively obtained from low value starting materials using hydrogen and a non-noble metal-based catalyst. The reductive amination of aldehydes from nitroarenes or nitroalkanes is efficiently catalyzed by a well-defined diamino molybdenum sulfide cluster in a one-pot homogeneous reaction. The integrity of the molecular cluster catalyst is preserved along the process
ΠΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ CUBR-Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ°
Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΌΠ° Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Β«ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉΒ» ΠΏΡΡΠΎΠΊ Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
. Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ². Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡ CuBr-Π»Π°Π·Π΅Ρ Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡ 900 Π΄ΠΎ 1500 ΠΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Ρ
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