133 research outputs found
Guest Editors' Introduction: Special Issue on Analyzing Interactions in PBL—Where to Go From Here?
published_or_final_versio
Estimation of Buttiker-Landauer traversal time based on the visibility of transmission current
We present a proposal for the estimation of B\"uttiker-Landauer traversal
time based on the visibility of transmission current. We analyze the tunneling
phenomena with a time-dependent potential and obtain the time-dependent
transmission current. We found that the visibility is directly connected to the
traversal time. Furthermore, this result is valid not only for rectangular
potential barrier but also for general form of potential to which the WKB
approximation is applicable . We compared these results with the numerical
values obtained from the simulation of Nelson's quantum mechanics. Both of them
fit together and it shows our method is very effective to measure
experimentally the traversal time.Comment: 12 pages, REVTeX, including 7 eps figure
Tunneling Time Distribution by means of Nelson's Quantum Mechanics and Wave-Particle Duality
We calculate a tunneling time distribution by means of Nelson's quantum
mechanics and investigate its statistical properties. The relationship between
the average and deviation of tunneling time suggests the exsistence of
``wave-particle duality'' in the tunneling phenomena.Comment: 14 pages including 11 figures, the text has been revise
Time of arrival through interacting environments: Tunneling processes
We discuss the propagation of wave packets through interacting environments.
Such environments generally modify the dispersion relation or shape of the wave
function. To study such effects in detail, we define the distribution function
P_{X}(T), which describes the arrival time T of a packet at a detector located
at point X. We calculate P_{X}(T) for wave packets traveling through a
tunneling barrier and find that our results actually explain recent
experiments. We compare our results with Nelson's stochastic interpretation of
quantum mechanics and resolve a paradox previously apparent in Nelson's
viewpoint about the tunneling time.Comment: Latex 19 pages, 11 eps figures, title modified, comments and
references added, final versio
Bifurcation Phenomenon in a Spin Relaxation
Spin relaxation in a strong-coupling regime (with respect to the spin system)
is investigated in detail based on the spin-boson model in a stochastic limit.
We find a bifurcation phenomenon in temperature dependence of relaxation
constants, which is never observed in the weak-coupling regime. We also discuss
inequalities among the relaxation constants in our model and show the
well-known relation 2\Gamma_T >= \Gamma_L, for example, for a wider parameter
region than before.Comment: REVTeX4, 5 pages, 5 EPS figure
The Exact Correspondence between Phase Times and Dwell Times in a Symmetrical Quantum Tunneling Configuration
The general and explicit relation between the phase time and the dwell time
for quantum tunneling or scattering is investigated. Considering a symmetrical
collision of two identical wave packets with an one-dimensional barrier, here
we demonstrate that these two distinct transit time definitions give connected
results where, however, the phase time (group delay) accurately describes the
exact position of the scattered particles. The analytical difficulties that
arise when the stationary phase method is employed for obtaining phase
(traversal) times are all overcome. Multiple wave packet decomposition allows
us to recover the exact position of the reflected and transmitted waves in
terms of the phase time, which, in addition to the exact relation between the
phase time and the dwell time, leads to right interpretation for both of them.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figure
Small Corrections to the Tunneling Phase Time Formulation
After reexamining the above barrier diffusion problem where we notice that
the wave packet collision implies the existence of {\em multiple} reflected and
transmitted wave packets, we analyze the way of obtaining phase times for
tunneling/reflecting particles in a particular colliding configuration where
the idea of multiple peak decomposition is recovered. To partially overcome the
analytical incongruities which frequently rise up when the stationary phase
method is adopted for computing the (tunneling) phase time expressions, we
present a theoretical exercise involving a symmetrical collision between two
identical wave packets and a unidimensional squared potential barrier where the
scattered wave packets can be recomposed by summing the amplitudes of
simultaneously reflected and transmitted wave components so that the conditions
for applying the stationary phase principle are totally recovered. Lessons
concerning the use of the stationary phase method are drawn.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figure
Benefit-risk profile of tofacitinib in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis : pooled analysis across six clinical trials
Altres ajuts: This study was funded by Pfizer Inc. The authors would like to thank Maryam Asgari and Charlie Quesenberry, principal investigators of the KPNC database cohort study, and Kevin Winthrop and Jeffrey Curtis, principal investigators of the Medicare database cohort. This study was supported by Pfizer Inc. Medical writing support under the guidance of the authors was provided by Sandrine M. Dupré, PhD, and Carole Evans, PhD, at and on behalf of Complete Medical Communications, Manchester, U.K., and was funded by Pfizer Inc., New York, NY, U.S.A., in accordance with the Good Publication Practice (GPP3) guidelines.Background: Although existing psoriasis treatments are effective and well tolerated in many patients, there is still a need for new effective targeted treatment options. Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor that has been investigated in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis. Objectives: To consider the benefits and risks of tofacitinib in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Methods: Data were pooled from one phase II, four phase III and one long-term extension study comprising 5204 patient-years of tofacitinib treatment. Efficacy end points included patients achieving Physician's Global Assessments of 'clear' or 'almost clear', ≥ 75% and ≥ 90% reduction in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (coprimary end points) and improvements in Dermatology Life Quality Index score, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale depression score and Itch Severity Item score, at weeks 16 and 52. Safety data were summarized for 3 years of tofacitinib exposure. Results: Tofacitinib 5 and 10 mg twice daily (BID) showed superiority over placebo for all efficacy end points at week 16, with response maintained for 52 weeks of continued treatment. Tofacitinib improved patients' quality of life and was well tolerated. Rates of safety events of interest (except herpes zoster) were similar to those in the published literature and healthcare databases for other systemic psoriasis therapies. Tofacitinib 10 mg BID demonstrated greater efficacy than 5 mg BID. Conclusions: Tofacitinib has a benefit-risk profile in moderate-to-severe psoriasis consistent with that of other systemic treatments
From the cell membrane to the nucleus: unearthing transport mechanisms for Dynein
Mutations in the motor protein cytoplasmic dynein have been found to cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, spinal muscular atrophy, and severe intellectual disabilities in humans. In mouse models, neurodegeneration is observed. We sought to develop a novel model which could incorporate the effects of mutations on distance travelled and velocity. A mechanical model for the dynein mediated transport of endosomes is derived from first principles and solved numerically. The effects of variations in model parameter values are analysed to find those that have a significant impact on velocity and distance travelled. The model successfully describes the processivity of dynein and matches qualitatively the velocity profiles observed in experiments
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