Keeping soils productive

Caption title.Digitized 2006 AES MoU.Includes bibliographical references

The effect of calcium carbonate of certain soil constituents and on plant growth

This thesis examines the use of calcium bicarbonate (lime) as soil augmentation. It covers the physical, physiological, bacteriological, and chemical effects of lime in soils, and also the historical use of lime and its sources. From page 9 "Scope of Problem": It is the purpose of this investigation to secure data on the effects of adding calcium carbonate in the form of ground limestone to types of soils of common occurrence in the state of Missouri. These effects were studied in crop yields, in per cent of grain in cereal crops, in inoculation of clover in the soil reaction, and in amount of nitrates present as well as the easily soluble phosphorus and potassium contained in the soil

Thirty years of field experiments with crop rotation, manure and fertilizers

Cover title

Soil experiments on the rolling glacial land of north Missouri

Cover title

Soil experiments on the level prairies of northeast Missouri

Cover title.Includes bibliographical references

Soil experiments on the gray prairie of southwest Missouri : second report

Cover title.Includes bibliographical references

Soil experiments on the dark prairies of central and northeast Missouri

Cover title

Soil experiments on the red limestone upland of southwest Missouri : second report

Cover title.Includes bibliographical references

The Swiss cheese model of safety incidents: are there holes in the metaphor?

BACKGROUND: Reason's Swiss cheese model has become the dominant paradigm for analysing medical errors and patient safety incidents. The aim of this study was to determine if the components of the model are understood in the same way by quality and safety professionals. METHODS: Survey of a volunteer sample of persons who claimed familiarity with the model, recruited at a conference on quality in health care, and on the internet through quality-related websites. The questionnaire proposed several interpretations of components of the Swiss cheese model: a) slice of cheese, b) hole, c) arrow, d) active error, e) how to make the system safer. Eleven interpretations were compatible with this author's interpretation of the model, 12 were not. RESULTS: Eighty five respondents stated that they were very or quite familiar with the model. They gave on average 15.3 (SD 2.3, range 10 to 21) "correct" answers out of 23 (66.5%) – significantly more than 11.5 "correct" answers that would expected by chance (p < 0.001). Respondents gave on average 2.4 "correct" answers regarding the slice of cheese (out of 4), 2.7 "correct" answers about holes (out of 5), 2.8 "correct" answers about the arrow (out of 4), 3.3 "correct" answers about the active error (out of 5), and 4.1 "correct" answers about improving safety (out of 5). CONCLUSION: The interpretations of specific features of the Swiss cheese model varied considerably among quality and safety professionals. Reaching consensus about concepts of patient safety requires further work