315 research outputs found
A study of defect structures with the field ion microscope Semiannual report, Sep. 1, 1966 - Feb. 28, 1967
Defect structures in ion emission images of metals and stress distributions under imaging conditions studied with field ion microscop
Practical Open-Loop Optimistic Planning
We consider the problem of online planning in a Markov Decision Process when
given only access to a generative model, restricted to open-loop policies -
i.e. sequences of actions - and under budget constraint. In this setting, the
Open-Loop Optimistic Planning (OLOP) algorithm enjoys good theoretical
guarantees but is overly conservative in practice, as we show in numerical
experiments. We propose a modified version of the algorithm with tighter
upper-confidence bounds, KLOLOP, that leads to better practical performances
while retaining the sample complexity bound. Finally, we propose an efficient
implementation that significantly improves the time complexity of both
algorithms
Paleoelevation estimates for the northern and central protoāBasin and Range from carbonate clumped isotope thermometry
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/99057/1/tect20016.pd
A study of defect structures with the field ion microscope Semiannual report, 1 Sep. 1967 - 29 Feb. 1968
Electron, and ion microscopic study of structural defects in quenched platinu
Less Work, Less Respect: Authors' Perceived Importance of Research Contributions and Their Declared Contributions to Research Articles
BACKGROUND: Attitudes towards authorship are connected with authors' research experience and with knowledge of authorship criteria of International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). The objective of this study was to assess association between authors' perceived importance of contributions for authorship qualification and their participation in manuscripts submitted to a journal. METHODS: Authors (nā=ā1181) of 265 manuscripts submitted to the Croatian Medical Journal were asked to identify and rate their contribution in the preparation of the submitted manuscript (0-none to 4-full for 11 listed contributions) and the importance of these contributions as authorship qualifications (0-none to 4-full). They were randomly allocated into 3 groups: the first (nā=ā90 manuscripts, nā=ā404 authors) first received the contribution disclosure form and then contribution importance-rating questionnaire; the second (nā=ā88 manuscripts, nā=ā382 authors) first received the rating questionnaire and then the contribution disclosure form, and the third group (nā=ā87 manuscripts, nā=ā395 authors) received both questionnaires at the same time. We compared authors' perception of importance of contribution categories. RESULTS: 1014 (85.9%) authors of 235 manuscripts responded. Authors who declared contribution to a specific category rated it as more important for authorship than those authors who did not contribute to the same category (P>0.005 for all contribution categories, Mann-Withney test). Authors qualifying for ICMJE authorship rated all contribution categories higher than non-qualifying authors. For all contributions, associations between perceived importance of contribution and actual author's contribution were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Authorship seems to be not a normative issue subjective to categorization into criteria, but also a very personal view of the importance and value of one's contributions
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Resolving the End-Guadalupian Extinction
The transition from the middle to late Permian (GuadalupianāLopingian) is claimed to record one or more extinction events that rival the āBig Fiveā in terms of depletion of biological diversity and reorganization of ecosystem structure. Yet many questions remain as to whether the events recorded in separate regions were synchronous, causally related, or were of a magnitude rivaling other major crises in Earth\u27s history. In this paper, we survey some major unresolved issues related to the GuadalupianāLopingian transition and offer a multidisciplinary approach to advance understanding of this under-appreciated biotic crisis by utilizing records in Southern Hemisphere high-palaeolatitude settings. We focus on the Bowen-Gunnedah-Sydney Basin System (BGSBS) as a prime site for analyses of biotic and physical environmental change at high palaeolatitudes in the middle and terminal Capitanian. Preliminary data suggest the likely position of the mid-Capitanian event is recorded in regressive deposits at the base of the Tomago Coal Measures (northern Sydney Basin) and around the contact between the Broughton Formation and the disconformably overlying Pheasants Nest Formation (southern Sydney Basin). Initial data suggest that the end-Capitanian event roughly correlates to the transgressive āKulnura Marine Tongueā in the middle of the Tomago Coal Measures (northern Sydney Basin) and strata bearing dispersed, ice-rafted gravel in the Erins Vale Formation (southern Sydney Basin). Preliminary observations suggest that few plant genera or species disappeared in the transition from the Guadalupian to Lopingian, and the latter interval saw an increase in floristic diversity
Regression of Moral Reasoning during Medical Education: Combined Design Study to Evaluate the Effect of Clinical Study Years
BACKGROUND: Moral reasoning is important for developing medical professionalism but current evidence for the relationship between education and moral reasoning does not clearly apply to medical students. We used a combined study design to test the effect of clinical teaching on moral reasoning. METHODS: We used the Defining Issues Test-2 as a measure of moral judgment, with 3 general moral schemas: Personal Interest, Maintaining Norms, and Postconventional Schema. The test was applied to 3 consecutive cohorts of second year students in 2002 (n = 207), 2003 (n = 192), and 2004 (n = 139), and to 707 students of all 6 study years in 2004 cross-sectional study. We also tested 298 age-matched controls without university education. RESULTS: In the cross-sectional study, there was significant main effect of the study year for Postconventional (F(5,679)ā= 3.67, P = 0.003) and Personal Interest scores (F(5,679)ā= 3.38, P = 0.005). There was no effect of the study year for Maintaining Norms scores. 3(rd) year medical students scored higher on Postconventional schema score than all other study years (p<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences among 3 cohorts of 2(nd) year medical students, demonstrating the absence of cohort or point-of-measurement effects. Longitudinal study of 3 cohorts demonstrated that students regressed from Postconventional to Maintaining Norms schema-based reasoning after entering the clinical part of the curriculum. INTERPRETATION: Our study demonstrated direct causative relationship between the regression in moral reasoning development and clinical teaching during medical curriculum. The reasons may include hierarchical organization of clinical practice, specific nature of moral dilemmas faced by medical students, and hidden medical curriculum
Composition Control of Electron Beam Induced Nanodeposits by Surface Pretreatment and Beam Focusing
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