2,291 research outputs found
Low-Dimensional Long-Range Topological Charge Structure in the QCD Vacuum
While sign-coherent 4-dimensional structures cannot dominate topological
charge fluctuations in the QCD vacuum at all scales due to reflection
positivity, it is possible that enhanced coherence exists over extended
space-time regions of lower dimension. Using the overlap Dirac operator to
calculate topological charge density, we present evidence for such structure in
pure-glue SU(3) lattice gauge theory. It is found that a typical equilibrium
configuration is dominated by two oppositely-charged sign-coherent connected
structures (``sheets'') covering about 80% of space-time. Each sheet is built
from elementary 3-d cubes connected through 2-d faces, and approximates a
low-dimensional curved manifold (or possibly a fractal structure) embedded in
the 4-d space. At the heart of the sheet is a ``skeleton'' formed by about 18%
of the most intense space-time points organized into a global long-range
structure, involving connected parts spreading over maximal possible distances.
We find that the skeleton is locally 1-dimensional and propose that its
geometrical properties might be relevant for understanding the possible role of
topological charge fluctuations in the physics of chiral symmetry breaking.Comment: 4 pages RevTeX, 4 figures; v2: 6 pages, 5 figures, more explanations
provided, figure and references added, published versio
Geometrodynamics in a spherically symmetric, static crossflow of null dust
The spherically symmetric, static spacetime generated by a crossflow of
non-interacting radiation streams, treated in the geometrical optics limit
(null dust) is equivalent to an anisotropic fluid forming a radiation
atmosphere of a star. This reference fluid provides a preferred / internal
time, which is employed as a canonical coordinate. Among the advantages we
encounter a new Hamiltonian constraint, which becomes linear in the momentum
conjugate to the internal time (therefore yielding a functional Schr\"{o}dinger
equation after quantization), and a strongly commuting algebra of the new
constraints.Comment: Section on boundary behavior and fall-off conditions of canonical
variables added. New references, 1 new figure, 12 pages. Version accepted in
Phys.Rev.
A distinct peak-flux distribution of the third class of gamma-ray bursts: A possible signature of X-ray flashes?
Gamma-ray bursts are the most luminous events in the Universe. Going beyond
the short-long classification scheme we work in the context of three burst
populations with the third group of intermediate duration and softest spectrum.
We are looking for physical properties which discriminate the intermediate
duration bursts from the other two classes. We use maximum likelihood fits to
establish group memberships in the duration-hardness plane. To confirm these
results we also use k-means and hierarchical clustering. We use Monte-Carlo
simulations to test the significance of the existence of the intermediate group
and we find it with 99.8% probability. The intermediate duration population has
a significantly lower peak-flux (with 99.94% significance). Also, long bursts
with measured redshift have higher peak-fluxes (with 98.6% significance) than
long bursts without measured redshifts. As the third group is the softest, we
argue that we have {related} them with X-ray flashes among the gamma-ray
bursts. We give a new, probabilistic definition for this class of events.Comment: accepted for publication in Ap
CD-independent subsets in meet-distributive lattices
A subset of a finite lattice is CD-independent if the meet of any two
incomparable elements of equals 0. In 2009, Cz\'edli, Hartmann and Schmidt
proved that any two maximal CD-independent subsets of a finite distributive
lattice have the same number of elements. In this paper, we prove that if
is a finite meet-distributive lattice, then the size of every CD-independent
subset of is at most the number of atoms of plus the length of . If,
in addition, there is no three-element antichain of meet-irreducible elements,
then we give a recursive description of maximal CD-independent subsets.
Finally, to give an application of CD-independent subsets, we give a new
approach to count islands on a rectangular board.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure
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