Expert range maps of global mammal distributions harmonised to three taxonomic authorities

AimComprehensive, global information on species' occurrences is an essential biodiversity variable and central to a range of applications in ecology, evolution, biogeography and conservation. Expert range maps often represent a species' only available distributional information and play an increasing role in conservation assessments and macroecology. We provide global range maps for the native ranges of all extant mammal species harmonised to the taxonomy of the Mammal Diversity Database (MDD) mobilised from two sources, the Handbook of the Mammals of the World (HMW) and the Illustrated Checklist of the Mammals of the World (CMW).LocationGlobal.TaxonAll extant mammal species.MethodsRange maps were digitally interpreted, georeferenced, error-checked and subsequently taxonomically aligned between the HMW (6253 species), the CMW (6431 species) and the MDD taxonomies (6362 species).ResultsRange maps can be evaluated and visualised in an online map browser at Map of Life (mol.org) and accessed for individual or batch download for non-commercial use.Main conclusionExpert maps of species' global distributions are limited in their spatial detail and temporal specificity, but form a useful basis for broad-scale characterizations and model-based integration with other data. We provide georeferenced range maps for the native ranges of all extant mammal species as shapefiles, with species-level metadata and source information packaged together in geodatabase format. Across the three taxonomic sources our maps entail, there are 1784 taxonomic name differences compared to the maps currently available on the IUCN Red List website. The expert maps provided here are harmonised to the MDD taxonomic authority and linked to a community of online tools that will enable transparent future updates and version control

Computer-aided continuous drug infusion: Setup and test of a mobile closed-loop system for the continuous automated infusion of insulin

For a diabetes mellitus patient, tight control of glucose level is essential. Results are reported of an investigation of the suitability of existing wearable continuous insulin infusors controlled and adjusted by a control algorithm using continuous glucose measurements as input to perform the functionality of an artificial pancreas. Special attention was given to the development of a continuous glucose monitor and to evaluate which quality of input data is necessary for the control algorithm. In clinical trials, it was found that for patients in a controlled environment an autonomously regulating control algorithm leads to an improved adjustment of patient glucose values and less overall insulin infusion as compared with the best fixed preprogrammed insulin infusion profiles of standard pump therapy. For the limited number of cases studied here, functionality of the control algorithm could tolerate some delay between the actual glucose values in the patient interstitial fluid and the algorithm input of up to 30 min. A quasicontinuous glucose measurement delivering Actual glucose values every 5-10 min seems to be suited to control an artificial pancreas

Verfahren zur elektrochemischen Analyse

The invention relates to a process for the electrochemmical analysis of solutions, as used, for example, in chemical analysis or for checking purposes in industry and environmental engineering. Individual substances are detected by depositing them on electrodes followed by detection of the deposited substances. Whereas, in known processes, all the substances to be detected are deposited on an electrode and detected one after the other, in the process according to the invention, numerous electrodes are used. The substances to be detected are deposited from the solution simultaneously onto these electrodes in such a way that every electrode receives the deposit of a different substance or a different substance mixture. Then the deposited substances are detected simultaneously on each of the electrodes. This drastically shortens the measuring time and the risk of incorrect measurements is greatly reduced due to interactions between the substances to be detected on the electrodes