Reaction of picrate with creatinine and cepha antibiotics.

Abstract The concentration of creatinine in serum, which is used to estimate glomerular filtration rate, is measured by reaction with alkaline picrate, but this reaction is not specific for creatinine. Although several other cephalosporin antibiotics have been reported not to react with picrate, we reacted picrate with creatinine, cefoxitin, penicillin, and eight different cephalosporins, and found that all compounds reacted with picrate and showed superimposable spectrophotograms with absorption maxima at 485 nm. From these results we conclude that the color-absorbing moiety of the product is the picrate molecule. Further, the structure common to creatinine and the cephalosporins, cefoxitin, or penicillin is the carbonyl group attached to a nitrogen and a carbon atom. We postulate that the carbonyl group with the adjacent carbon and nitrogen atoms is probably the chemical moiety that reacts with picrate to absorb energy at 485 nm.</jats:p

Effect of dialysis on interference by cefoxitin with determination of creatinine.

Abstract Interference by cefoxitin with determination of creatinine is less with the Technicon SMAC than with other commercial analytical systems. The SMAC assay involves a single-point kinetic method with dialysis, whereas most other commercial methods are multipoint kinetic without dialysis. The apparent creatinine concentration measured for aqueous solutions of cefoxitin was 73 mmol of creatinine per mole of cefoxitin with the SMAC, 135 mmol/mol with a manual method. Furthermore, we determined for the SMAC that the average fraction of creatinine dialyzed was 0.128 and for cefoxitin, 0.064. Thus, the concentration of and interference by cefoxitin in the reaction mixture for SMAC are reduced by half (i.e., the apparent creatinine concentration for cefoxitin with the manual system multiplied by 0.5 is essentially that noted with the SMAC: 68 vs 73). Thus we conclude that the diminished interference be cefoxitin with determination of creatinine by SMAC is primarily ascribable to the dialysis step.</jats:p

The S-Word: Discourse, Stereotypes, and the American Indian Woman

What’s in a name? Plenty when it comes to the ability of words to establish identity. In 2005 in Oregon, for example, 142 land features carried the name ‘‘squaw’’—Squaw Gulch, Squaw Butte, Squaw Meadows, and Squaw Flat Reservoir (U.S. Geological Survey, 2008). This article examines the term squaw, its presentation in popular culture, and how this framing constructs Native womanhood in the public imagination. Two primary representations are revealed in the discourse defining squaw: as sexual punching bag and as drudge. The opinions and attitudes of reporters, citizens (Indian and non-Indian), government officials, agencies, and tribal representatives are included as reflected in journalistic accounts of the land form debate about the use and meaning of the label squaw. The psychological impact of this racial and sexual slur has a significant negative impact on quality of life, perceptions, and opportunities for Native American women (ethnostress) due to the consistent use and reification of the squaw stereotype through more than 400 years of U.S. history. This article is written as part of a larger body of work that argues for an expansion of Schroeder and Borgerson’s (2005, 2008) representational ethics of images to include words

How much do narrative annotations differ? A Proppian case study

The formal study of narratives goes back to the Russian structuralist school, paradigmatically represented by the 1928 study Morphology of the Folktale by Vladimir Propp. Researchers in the field of computational narratology have developed the general Proppian methodology into various formal and computational frameworks for the analysis, automated understanding and generation of narratives. Methodological issues in this research field give rise to concrete research questions such as "How much does the representation of a narrative in a given formal framework depend on subjective decisions of the formalizer?'" touching philosophy of computing and philosophy of information. In order to approach the mentioned question, we consider the process of formal representation of a narrative as a natural analogue of the task of annotation in computational linguistics and corpus linguistics. We use the Russian folktales formalized by Propp and let them be formalized by annotators according to Propp's system, evaluating these results according to the standards of interannotator agreement

Gender and Equality between Women and Men in Tullia d’Aragona’s Dialogue on the Infinity of Love

Tullia d’Aragona (ca. 1510–1556), a poet and courtesan, enters the renaissance tradition of love dialogues with her philosophical work Dialogo della Infinità di Amore (Dialogue on the Infinity of Love, 1547). Tullia d’Aragona is the only female writer in the renaissance tradition oflove dialogues (Russell 1997, 21). Her account of love is impregnated by the idea of equality between women and men. This essay focuses on gender issues in Dialogue on the Infinity of Love and is composed of three parts. In the first part, I examine Dialogue’s passages where the issues of women’s true nature and equality between women and men are explicitly mentioned, so as to explore Tullia d’Aragona’s conceptions of gender and gender equality, as emerged from those passages. In the second part, I explore the following questions: (a) What does the incorporation of intercourse in honest love imply for Tullia d’Aragona’s conception of gendered human beings? I argue that it implies that she conceives of both women and men as autonomous pshyco-corporeal units. (b) What does Tullia d’Aragona’s account of honest love imply for gender and morality in general? I argue that it advocates in favor of a unified morality of love on the basis of both genders’ common humanity. In the last part, I reflect on the Dialogue from the perspective of a feminist history of philosophy. I argue that the fact that the idea of gender equality pervades the Dialogue both leads to the development of a feminist account of love and advocates for Tullia d’Aragona’s capacity to do philosophy. © 2020, The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

Comparison of creatinine as determined with the Ames Seralyzer and by three Jaffé-based methods.

Abstract We compared results for urinary creatinine, serum creatinine, and creatinine clearance, as determined with the Ames Seralyzer, with results determined with the Beckman ASTRA, the DuPont aca, and Technicon's AutoAnalyzer and SMAC. Results for urinary creatinine from the Seralyzer differed significantly (p less than 0.05) from those obtained with the ASTRA and AutoAnalyzer, but not with the aca. The Seralyzer results for serum creatinine were at least 1.0 mg/L higher (p less than 0.05) than by the other three methods. Results for creatinine clearance from the Seralyzer were 8 to 11 mL/min lower (p less than 0.05) than results by the other three methods. These differences are related to the positive interference by bilirubin in the Seralyzer creatinine method. We also evaluated 23 other compounds for interference with these methods for creatinine.</jats:p