835 research outputs found
Topologically Driven Swelling of a Polymer Loop
Numerical studies of the average size of trivially knotted polymer loops with
no excluded volume are undertaken. Topology is identified by Alexander and
Vassiliev degree 2 invariants. Probability of a trivial knot, average gyration
radius, and probability density distributions as functions of gyration radius
are generated for loops of up to N=3000 segments. Gyration radii of trivially
knotted loops are found to follow a power law similar to that of self avoiding
walks consistent with earlier theoretical predictions.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PNAS (USA) in Feb 200
On practical applicability of the Jarzynski relation in statistical mechanics: a pedagogical example
We suggest and discuss a simple model of an ideal gas under the piston to
gain an insight into the workings of the Jarzynski identity connecting the
average exponential of the work over the non-equilibrium trajectories with the
equilibrium free energy. We show that the Jarzynski identity is valid for our
system due to the very rapid molecules belonging to the tail of the Maxwell
distribution. For the most interesting extreme, when the system volume is
large, while the piston is moving with large speed (compared to thermal
velocity) for a very short time, the necessary number of independent
experimental runs to obtain a reasonable approximation for the free energy from
averaging the non-equilibrium work grows exponentially with the system size.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, submitted to JP
A coil-globule transition of a semiflexible polymer driven by the addition of spherical particles
The phase behaviour of a single large semiflexible polymer immersed in a
suspension of spherical particles is studied. All interactions are simple
excluded volume interactions and the diameter of the spherical particles is an
order of magnitude larger than the diameter of the polymer. The spherical
particles induce a quite long ranged depletion attraction between the segments
of the polymer and this induces a continuous coil-globule transition in the
polymer. This behaviour gives an indication of the condensing effect of
macromolecular crowding on DNA.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
Error-proof programmable self-assembly of DNA-nanoparticle clusters
We study theoretically a new generic scheme of programmable self-assembly of
nanoparticles into clusters of desired geometry. The problem is motivated by
the feasibility of highly selective DNA-mediated interactions between colloidal
particles. By analyzing both a simple generic model and a more realistic
description of a DNA-colloidal system, we demonstrate that it is possible to
suppress the glassy behavior of the system, and to make the self-assembly
nearly error-proof. This regime requires a combination of stretchable
interparticle linkers (e.g. sufficiently long DNA), and a soft repulsive
potential. The jamming phase diagram and the error probability are computed for
several types of clusters. The prospects for the experimental implementation of
our scheme are also discussed. PACS numbers: 81.16.Dn, 87.14.Gg, 36.40.EiComment: 6 pages, 4 figures, v2: substantially revised version, added journal
re
Shear Banding from lattice kinetic models with competing interactions
Soft Glassy Materials, Non Linear Rheology, Lattice Kinetic models,
frustrated phase separation} We present numerical simulations based on a
Boltzmann kinetic model with competing interactions, aimed at characterizating
the rheological properties of soft-glassy materials. The lattice kinetic model
is shown to reproduce typical signatures of driven soft-glassy flows in
confined geometries, such as Herschel-Bulkley rheology, shear-banding and
histeresys. This lends further credit to the present lattice kinetic model as a
valuable tool for the theoretical/computational investigation of the rheology
of driven soft-glassy materials under confinement.Comment: 8 Pages, 5 Figure
Localization in simple multiparticle catalytic absorption model
We consider the phase transition in the system of n simultaneously developing
random walks on the halfline x>=0. All walks are independent on each others in
all points except the origin x=0, where the point well is located. The well
depth depends on the number of particles simultaneously staying at x=0. We
consider the limit n>>1 and show that if the depth growth faster than 3/2 n
ln(n) with n, then all random walks become localized simultaneously at the
origin. In conclusion we discuss the connection of that problem with the phase
transition in the copolymer chain with quenched random sequence of monomers
considered in the frameworks of replica approach.Comment: 17 pages in LaTeX, 5 PostScript figures; submitted to J.Phys.(A):
Math. Ge
Electrostatic image effects for counter-ions between charged planar walls
We study the effect of dielectric inhomogeneities on the interaction between
two planparallel charged surfaces with oppositely charged mobile charges in
between. The dielectric constant between the surfaces is assumed to be
different from the dielectric constant of the two semiinfinite regions bounded
by the surfaces, giving rise to electrostatic image interactions. We show that
on the weak coupling level the image charge effects are generally small, making
their mark only in the second order fluctuation term. However, in the strong
coupling limit, the image effects are large and fundamental. They modify the
interactions between the two surfaces in an essential way. Our calculations are
particularly useful in the regime of parameters where computer simulations
would be difficult and extremely time consuming due to the complicated nature
of the long range image potentials.Comment: 21 pages, 8 figure
What thermodynamic features characterize good and bad folders? Results from a simplified off-lattice protein model
The thermodynamics of the small SH3 protein domain is studied by means of a
simplified model where each bead-like amino acid interacts with the others
through a contact potential controlled by a 20x20 random matrix. Good folding
sequences, characterized by a low native energy, display three main
thermodynamical phases, namely a coil-like phase, an unfolded globule and a
folded phase (plus other two phases, namely frozen and random coil, populated
only at extremes temperatures). Interestingly, the unfolded globule has some
regions already structured. Poorly designed sequences, on the other hand,
display a wide transition from the random coil to a frozen state. The
comparison with the analytic theory of heteropolymers is discussed
Thermodynamics and Topology of Disordered Systems: Statistics of the Random Knot Diagrams on Finite Lattice
The statistical properties of random lattice knots, the topology of which is
determined by the algebraic topological Jones-Kauffman invariants was studied
by analytical and numerical methods. The Kauffman polynomial invariant of a
random knot diagram was represented by a partition function of the Potts model
with a random configuration of ferro- and antiferromagnetic bonds, which
allowed the probability distribution of the random dense knots on a flat square
lattice over topological classes to be studied. A topological class is
characterized by the highest power of the Kauffman polynomial invariant and
interpreted as the free energy of a q-component Potts spin system for
q->infinity. It is shown that the highest power of the Kauffman invariant is
correlated with the minimum energy of the corresponding Potts spin system. The
probability of the lattice knot distribution over topological classes was
studied by the method of transfer matrices, depending on the type of local
junctions and the size of the flat knot diagram. The obtained results are
compared to the probability distribution of the minimum energy of a Potts
system with random ferro- and antiferromagnetic bonds.Comment: 37 pages, latex-revtex (new version: misprints removed, references
added
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