Cluster Analysis of Wine Market Segmentation – A Consumer Based Study in the Mid-Atlantic USA

The U.S. wine market has been steadily increasing over the past 15 years. The number of wineries has increased from 2688 in 1999 to 8862 in 2016. About 7% of all those wineries are located in the Mid-Atlantic region, which includes New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania. However, competition has been rising as the market is growing. Many foreign wine companies from Europe, South America, and Oceania, are either selling or planning to sell their products to the fast-growing U.S. wine market. It is important to promote local wine industry in the U.S. In this connection, this study has attempted to predict the segment of Mid-Atlantic wine market - based on purchasing behavior, attitudes, and social demographic attributes. A Cluster Analysis used to segment the Mid-Atlantic wine market into four clusters namely Class 1 Detractors, Class 2 Enthusiasts, Class 3 Neutral and Class 4 Advocators. Class 1. Detractors are the cluster that is the most unlikely to buy local wine. Neatly, 67.4% of Detractors indicated that they had never obtained local wine before. 2. Enthusiasts and Class 4 Advocators are the target market of Mid-Atlantic local wineries and hence we should pay more attention to these two market segments. 74.5% of Class 2 indicated that they had bought wine from the Mid-Atlantic wine region. About 60% of Class 4 Advocators stated that they had purchased local wine before. The characteristics of Class 4 are very similar to Class 2. The chance of Class 3 Neutral to buy local wine is 50/50. They drink and buy wine more frequently than consumers in other clusters. Typically, we do not recommend Mid-Atlantic wineries to target this market segment, unless they want to expand their market beyond Class 2 and Class 4. The assessment of perception of consumers will help the producers, wholesalers, and retailers to target ultimate consumers and specific market segments

FTO Thin Films: Outcome of Substrate Temperature on the Structural and Optical Properties

In this work, Fluorine doped Tin Oxide (FTO) thin films are effectively deposited by JNSP technique using ammonium fluoride and tin chloride as solution composition. The influence of Substrate Temperature (ST) on the structural and optical properties of FTO thin films is investigated. XRD pattern authenticates the presence of single phase polycrystalline orthorhombic structure with favored orientation along (230) and (200) directions. The sharp band obtained between 475 and 700 cm-1 originated from asymmetric stretching vibrations of metal oxide (SnO2:F). The highest band gap energy was obtained as 3.57 eV at 425°C and lowest band gap energy was obtained as 3.49 eV at 450°C obtained from UV-Vis spectra

Combined Power, Cooling And Desalination Using Natural Refrigerant Powered By Low-Grade Heat Source

Contemporary facilities experience growing demand of energy-intensive products like cooling, power and fresh water, which turn in results in energy and environmental concerns. The separate production of these intensive products potentially consumes more primary energy compared with combined production (polygeneration). We therefore seek the most sustainable and suitable polygeneration technology. The driving energy source for the polygeneration system is assumed to be low-grade heat available from solar thermal, geothermal, industrial waste heat, etc. The natural refrigerant based ammonia-water absorption system has the potential for more exploration in the field of polygeneration. In the past decades, ammonia-water based Combined Cooling and Power (CCP) systems were experimentally proven with different configurations. It is of great interest to integrate fresh water generation with an existing CCP system; hence, increasing the system output degrees of freedom with higher system potential performance. So far, the majority of existing desalination plants are Multi Stage Flash (MSF) desalination type, while Multi Effect Distillation (MED) technology has prominent advantages relative to MSF with high thermal efficiency, lower number of effects, low pumping power, high heat transfer coefficient, and tube do not contaminate the distillate water. According to the literature review, none of the published research works has investigated the ammonia absorption system for simultaneous cooling, power and fresh water. In this work, a thermodynamic study was conducted for natural refrigerant polygeneration system operated by low-grade heat sources to produce power and cooling output through generated ammonia vapour, with the rejected heat effectively utilized for desalination of salt water though MED with single flash technology. The combined system is the result of integration of absorption refrigeration, Kalina power and MED with single-stage flash desalination cycles. The low-grade heat source energy generates the refrigerant vapour in the generator, which is divided into two parts for power and cooling. The split ratio is used to vary the power and cooling output, based on demand variation. The total heat rejection from the absorber by heat of absorption and condensation heat from the condenser are effectively utilized for desalination through the MED system. The thermodynamic performance of the system is evaluated at the typical operating conditions of heat source, sink and evaporator temperatures of 250°C, 60°C and -10°C respectively for unit mass flow rate of weak solution. The system generates 170 kWth of cooling, 25 kWe of power generation and 950 kWth of rejected heat available for MED flash desalination. The system performance is evaluated through the effective exergy of the combined system, MED flash system performance ratio and power-to-cooling ratio

Hydro- Chemical Evolution of Palk Strait Region, Bay of Bengal

Present analysis was carried out the physico- chemical parameters of two stations such as Thondi and Soliyakudi in the southeast Palk Strait region during the monsoon and post monsoon seasons (November 2008 – March 2009). High temperature (31˚C) and salinity (35%o) was recorded in the month of March (post monsoon). Dissolved oxygen content was high (5.2 O2 mg. l-1) during in the monsoonal season. Compared with other nutrients such as NO3, NO2 and SiO2, the total phosphorous concentration was high in both the stations during monsoonal season. In general concentrations of all the nutrients were high in the station I during monsoon season (November and December) which could be due to the addition of nutrients through the sewage, agricultural and land run off

ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES IN A CASE OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA USING SPECTRAL KARYOTYPING

Objective: It was proposed to determine the chromosomal abnormalities in a 49-year-old male patient with multiple myeloma (MM) employing both conventional and advanced molecular cytogenetic techniques.Methods: GTG-banding and spectral karyotyping (SKY) on fixed metaphases obtained from LPS-stimulated bone marrow cells and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (iFISH) on unsorted marrow cells were carried out to identify genetic markers of prognostic significance.Results: The abnormal chromosomes observed through conventional cytogenetics could be resolved with SKY technique. The translocation t(4;14) (p16;q32) indicating FGFR3/IGH fusion and deletion of 13q14.3 was noticed using iFISH. The genetic abnormalities confirmed a poor prognostic outcome in the patient who died within 6 months of diagnosis.Conclusion: This report emphasizes the need for multicolor FISH techniques besides iFISH to resolve complex abnormalities and to identify cryptic aberrations of importance in risk stratification of MM patients

Rare histological types of bladder carcinoma from a tertiary care hospital: Case reports

Bladder carcinoma is one of the most common urological malignancies with many rare histological variants associated with various prognosis. The recognition of these rare histological variants of bladder carcinoma may be helpful in selecting appropriate therapeutic approach and to predict the prognosis of the patients. We present three such rare entities of urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation, squamous cell carcinoma of bladder and metastatic bladder carcinoma which are associated with bad prognosis

2-[(E)-(5-Amino-2,3-diphenyl­quinoxalin-6-yl)imino­meth­yl]-4-chloro­phenol

The title Schiff base compound, C27H19ClN4O, features two intra­molecular O—H⋯N and N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds involving the hydr­oxy and amino groups to generate S(6) and S(5) ring motifs, respectively. In the crystal structure, weak inter­molecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯N inter­actions, together with π–π contacts [centroid–centroid distances = 3.6294 (11)–3.6881 (11) Å], link neighboring mol­ecules

2-[(E)-(5-Amino-2,3-diphenyl­quinoxalin-6-yl)imino­meth­yl]-4-bromo­phenol

The title compound, C27H19BrN4O, is a mono-anil Schiff base ligand. Three intra­molecular O—H⋯N and N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds involving the hydr­oxy and amino groups generate S(6) and S(5) ring motifs, respectively. In the crystal structure, weak inter­molecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds together with π–π inter­actions [centroid–centroid distances = 3.628 (3)–3.729 (3) Å] link neighboring mol­ecules

A review on analytical method development, optimization and validation of combination of Azithromycin and benzoyl peroxide by RP-HPLC using design of experiment as per ICH guideline

Pharmaceutical analysis is one of the most challenging fields of analytical chemistry. Pharmaceutical analysts carry out the qualitative and quantitative control of APIs and drug products and also develop and validate appropriate methods. One of my main goals was to develop modern, rapid, precise and reproducible, but also cost-effective HPLC assay methods which are generally available and applicable for most users. The aim of this work was to develop LC methods for both compounds. The assay of erythromycin by LC offers several advantages, such as high specificity, the possibility of determining and quantifying impurities and degradation products, and improved accuracy. The developed methods were validated. My whole work containing following plan of work as Selection of drug, Review Literature, FITR of both drugs and Mixture, Preparation of standard solutions, Preparation of sample of pure drug in Standard solution, Method development by HPLC (as Selection of solvents to be used as diluents and mobile phase, Selection of wavelength, Selection of mobile phase and Selection of chromatographic conditions) Preparation of Mobile phase, Preparation of standard calibration curve combination of drug, Optimization of HPLC condition using box behnken design. Validation of analytical method following parameters as per ICH guidelines. (i). System suitability (ii). Linearity and range (iii). Specificity (iv).Accuracy and precision (v). Limits of detection (LOD) and Quantitation (LOQ). (vi). Selectivity and (vii).Robustness

Short-Term Effect of Forage Grasses on Carbon Sustainability, Fodder Security, and Soil Properties in Poor Soils of Semi-Arid India

Grasses are essential sources of fodder for livestock and provide options for climate resilience due to their broad range of adoption. They are also valuable resources for soil quality enhancement. Therefore, a six-year field study using nine grasses (2013 to 2019) was initiated in a semi-arid region of central India. The study aimed to assess the short-term impact of these nine grasses on soil carbon stock, selected soil physiochemical and biological properties, and green fodder yield. Results (after six years) revealed that a greater carbon stock (7.0 and 7.2 Mg ha–1), carbon sustainability index (71.6 and 89.3), and sustainable yield index for green fodder (0.89 and 0.91), respectively, were observed in lampagrass [Heteropogon contortus (L.)] and guineagrass [Megathyrsus maximus(Jacq.)]. These improvements could be due to the greater root length (1700 and 2220 cm plant–1) and root weight density of grasses in the upper soil layer (0–10 cm, 70%), and the higher green biomass production (~44.1 t ha–1 year–1). These beneficial changes might have further led to the lower soil bulk density (~1.05 g cm–3), higher water-filled porosity (14.7 and 16.1%), and soil organic carbon content (~0.67%) over other grasses and barren soil. Consequently, the highest total bacterial count (21.9 and 44.5 × 107 CFU g–1), soil microbial biomass carbon and enzyme activities such as acid phosphatase (17.7 and 22.6 µg p-nitrophenyl g–1 h–1) and alkaline phosphatase (9.6 and 15.9 µg p-nitrophenyl g–1 h–1) were noticed in lampagrass and guineagrass rhizospheres. Therefore, cultivation of perennial grasses in the low fertile soils of semi-arid environments can be an eco-friendly approach to enhance soil fertility, green fodder supply, and soil carbon build-up