Organogenesis induction in rice callus by cyanobacterial extracellular product

Cyanobacteria or blue green algae are prokaryotic photosynthetic microorganism that produces a wide array of substances, including plant growth regulators. In the case of growth regulators, gibberellin, auxin, cytokinin, ethylene, abscisic acid and jasmonic acid have been detected in cyanobacteria. Many substances have been added to plant tissue culture media in order to promote plant regeneration. The present research communication gives a report of the study of the effect of extracellular products of Plectonema sp., isolated from paddy fields on regeneration of rice. The endosperm of three rice varieties, IR 50, ASD 16 and ADT 36, were used as explants. IR 50 showed earlier and good callus induction response in MS medium. For root induction, cyanobaterial extracellular product was added instead of 2,4-D. The result showed that the number of days taken for root initiation and root growth was quicker by adding the extracellular products. Interestingly, more proliferation of roots in cyanobaterial extracellular product treatments was also observed compared to 2,4-D which might due to the production of growth regulators like auxin(s). Tremendous growth of root length and volume in short period indicate that MS with cyanobaterial extracellular product may also be used for screening of rice genotypes for water stress condition.Keywords: Callus induction, cyanobacterial extracellular products, Plectonema sp., rice, root inductio

Association studies in barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumenetacea (Roxb.) Link) for early maturity and yield contributing traits at high altitude region

Barnyard millet is an under-utilized minor millet which is being popularized nowadays bestowing with high nutrient content in grains. Fourty genotypes were evaluated in high altitude region to determine the correlation and path coefficient among the yield and yield attributing traits. Correlation analysis evinced that grain yield per plant had positive significant correlation with agro-morphological traits viz., plant height, days to flowering, days to maturity, number of nodes, stem diameter, length of flag leaf, width of flag leaf, length of inflorescence, width of inflorescence, length of lower racemes, number of racemes and thousand grain weight. The trait length of peduncle alone expressed negative significance with grain yield. The path coefficient estimation indicated that stem diameter had exposed high magnitude of direct effect on grain yield. Henceforth, the direct selection based on the flawless relationship between grain yield and these traits would benefit in selecting high yielding genotypes

Diversity and stability studies in barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb).Link.) germplasm for grain yield and its contributing traits

Nutritionally, Barnyard millet is an important crop, it is probably originated in central Asia and spread from central Asia to Europe and America. Climate change will alert an extra constrains as many parts of the country are becoming drier with increasingly severe weather patterns. Developing better barnyard millet cultivars is always placing as an important strategy in crop improvement. This study was focused to evaluate the phenotypic diversity and stability of barnyard millet germplasm for yield and its attributing traits. Diversity as revealed by D2 analysis indicated that the trait grain yield had contributed maximum towards the diversity followed by days to maturity. The accessions M5P1, M36P1 and M37P1 exhibited the highest mean values for grain yield per plant, but no significance difference was found comparing checks. Stability analysis revealed that none of the accessions were showed stable performance, indicated that influence of environmental factors played a major role

Genetic variability of early flowering and yield contributing traits in Barnyard Millet [Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb). Link] grown at different altitudes

131-136Barnyard millet is an important up surging minor millet in Asia countries for food and nutritional security. Being a minor crop, the genetics and inheritance of the traits need to understand, for effective utilization in the crop improvement programmes. Here, we investigated the genetic background and inheritance of different traits in barnyard millet genotypes. Forty germplasm accessions were evaluated in different ecological environments of southern India for 17 quantitative traits. Genetic variability analysis using GENSTAT and the pooled REML mean data results revealed that Phenotypic Co-efficient of Variation (PCV) was greater than the Genotypic Co-efficient of Variation (GCV) over the diverged ecological locations indicating the existence of environmental influence on all the biometric traits studied. In the Western Ghats region (E1), high heritability coupled with high genetic advance was exhibited for traits like days to flowering, plant height, days to maturity, number of nodes, length of nodes, number of basal tillers, stem diameter, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, inflorescence length, inflorescence width, length of peduncle, number of racemes, single ear head weight and grain yield per plant. Traits like thousand grain weight expressed moderate genetic advance with high heritability while, length of lower racemes expressed moderate heritability with high genetic advance. Similarly, high heritability coupled with high genetic advance was recorded for all the characters in valley region (E2) except thousand grain weight that showed high heritability but moderate genetic advance. In contrast, in the area of plains (E3), all the traits exhibited high heritability coupled with high genetic advance. Since, majority of the traits have shown high heritability with high genetic advance, selection might be effective in these traits irrespective of the environment

Improving Yield Potential of Pigeonpea through Foliar Nutrition

A field experiment was conducted in research farm at Department of Pulses, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University during kharif season of 2018 to 2020 to assess the effect of foliar nutrition to enhance the productivity of pigeonpea under rainfed condition. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications and eight treatments. Treatments consist of foliar application with urea 2%, MAP 1%, All nineteen 0.5%, Pulse magic 1%, ZnSO4 0.5 %, FeSO4 0.5 % and ZnSO4 0.5 % + FeSO4 @ 0.5 % along with no foliar nutrition spray. 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (25:50:25:20 kg NPKS ha-1) was applied to all treatments. The yield parameters such as number of pods per plant and number of seed per pods were significantly influenced by foliar nutrition. All the foliar spray treatments recorded higher seed yield as compared to control (without foliar spray). Among the different foliar nutrition, 0.5% all nineteen recorded significantly higher seed yield of 1118 kg ha-1. Result concluded that retention of flowers is possible through foliar application of macronutrients during flower initiation stage and it helps to enhance the productivity of pigeonpea under rainfed situation

Short Communication - Organogenesis induction in rice callus by cyanobacterial extracellular product

Cyanobacteria or blue green algae are prokaryotic photosynthetic microorganism that produces a wide array of substances, including plant growth regulators. In the case of growth regulators, gibberellin, auxin, cytokinin, ethylene, abscisic acid and jasmonic acid have been detected in cyanobacteria. Many substances have been added to plant tissue culture media in order to promote plant regeneration. The present research communication gives a report of the study of the effect of extracellular products of Plectonema sp., isolated from paddy fields on regeneration of rice. The endosperm of three rice varieties, IR 50, ASD 16 and ADT 36, were used as explants. IR 50 showed earlier and good callus induction response in MS medium. For root induction, cyanobaterial extracellular product was added instead of 2,4-D. The result showed that the number of days taken for root initiation and root growth was quicker by adding the extracellular products. Interestingly, more proliferation of roots in cyanobaterial extracellular product treatments was also observed compared to 2,4-D which might due to the production of growth regulators like auxin(s). Tremendous growth of root length and volume in short period indicate that MS with cyanobaterial extracellular product may also be used for screening of rice genotypes for water stress condition

Genetic variability of early flowering and yield contributing traits in Barnyard Millet [Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb). Link] grown at different altitudes

Barnyard millet is an important up surging minor millet in Asia countries for food and nutritional security. Being a minorcrop, the genetics and inheritance of the traits need to understand, for effective utilization in the crop improvementprogrammes. Here, we investigated the genetic background and inheritance of different traits in barnyard millet genotypes.Forty germplasm accessions were evaluated in different ecological environments of southern India for 17 quantitative traits.Genetic variability analysis using GENSTAT and the pooled REML mean data results revealed that Phenotypic Co-efficientof Variation (PCV) was greater than the Genotypic Co-efficient of Variation (GCV) over the diverged ecological locationsindicating the existence of environmental influence on all the biometric traits studied. In the Western Ghats region (E1),high heritability coupled with high genetic advance was exhibited for traits like days to flowering, plant height, days tomaturity, number of nodes, length of nodes, number of basal tillers, stem diameter, flag leaf length, flag leaf width,inflorescence length, inflorescence width, length of peduncle, number of racemes, single ear head weight and grain yield perplant. Traits like thousand grain weight expressed moderate genetic advance with high heritability while, length of lowerracemes expressed moderate heritability with high genetic advance. Similarly, high heritability coupled with high geneticadvance was recorded for all the characters in valley region (E2) except thousand grain weight that showed high heritabilitybut moderate genetic advance. In contrast, in the area of plains (E3), all the traits exhibited high heritability coupled withhigh genetic advance. Since, majority of the traits have shown high heritability with high genetic advance, selection mightbe effective in these traits irrespective of the environment