4,699 research outputs found
The reported use and effectiveness of Hypericum (St John’s wort) on affective symptoms in a depression self-help group
A recent meta-analysis suggested that Hypericum
perforatum (St John’s wort) is an effective
treatment for mild to moderate depression and
may have a superior side-effect profile to some
antidepressant drugs. The aim of this study was to
assess the use of herbal remedies in treating
depressive and anxiety symptoms, as reported by
members of the UK self-help organization
Depression Alliance using self-completed
questionnaires. More than 50% of the 452
respondents reported using Hypericum, onequarter
of whom also reported concurrent use of
traditional antidepressants. Most of the sample
reported sufficient symptoms for warranting a
diagnosis of major depression, with the majority
also describing symptoms suggestive of co-morbid
psychiatric conditions. One-half of the Hypericum
users experienced symptom improvement, which
for most occurred within the first 4 weeks of use.
Response was better for those with mild as
compared to severe symptoms and poorer for
those taking Hypericum alongside other
antidepressants. The responders were generally
older than non-responders. Adverse effects were
reported by one-quarter of users and were mostly
psychological in nature. This retrospective survey
indicated that use of herbal remedies was
common in this population. Although often helpful
in relieving symptoms, particularly in those with
mild depression, there is a risk of adverse events
and drug interaction
Similarity Renormalization, Hamiltonian Flow Equations, and Dyson's Intermediate Representation
A general framework is presented for the renormalization of Hamiltonians via
a similarity transformation. Divergences in the similarity flow equations may
be handled with dimensional regularization in this approach, and the resulting
effective Hamiltonian is finite since states well-separated in energy are
uncoupled. Specific schemes developed several years ago by Glazek and Wilson
and contemporaneously by Wegner correspond to particular choices within this
framework, and the relative merits of such choices are discussed from this
vantage point. It is shown that a scheme for the transformation of Hamiltonians
introduced by Dyson in the early 1950's also corresponds to a particular choice
within the similarity renormalization framework, and it is argued that Dyson's
scheme is preferable to the others for ease of computation. As an example, it
is shown how a logarithmically confining potential arises simply at second
order in light-front QCD within Dyson's scheme, a result found previously for
other similarity renormalization schemes. Steps toward higher order and
nonperturbative calculations are outlined. In particular, a set of equations
analogous to Dyson-Schwinger equations is developed.Comment: REVTex, 32 pages, 7 figures (corrected references
Metalanguage in L1 English-speaking 12-year-olds: which aspects of writing do they talk about?
Traditional psycholinguistic approaches to metalinguistic awareness in L1 learners elicit responses containing metalanguage that demonstrates metalinguistic awareness
of pre-determined aspects of language knowledge. This paper, which takes a more ethnographic approach, demonstrates how pupils are able to engage their own focus of metalanguage when reflecting on their everyday learning activities involving written language. What is equally significant is what their metalanguage choices reveal about
their understanding and application of written language concepts
Systematic Renormalization in Hamiltonian Light-Front Field Theory
We develop a systematic method for computing a renormalized light-front field
theory Hamiltonian that can lead to bound states that rapidly converge in an
expansion in free-particle Fock-space sectors. To accomplish this without
dropping any Fock sectors from the theory, and to regulate the Hamiltonian, we
suppress the matrix elements of the Hamiltonian between free-particle
Fock-space states that differ in free mass by more than a cutoff. The cutoff
violates a number of physical principles of the theory, and thus the
Hamiltonian is not just the canonical Hamiltonian with masses and couplings
redefined by renormalization. Instead, the Hamiltonian must be allowed to
contain all operators that are consistent with the unviolated physical
principles of the theory. We show that if we require the Hamiltonian to produce
cutoff-independent physical quantities and we require it to respect the
unviolated physical principles of the theory, then its matrix elements are
uniquely determined in terms of the fundamental parameters of the theory. This
method is designed to be applied to QCD, but for simplicity, we illustrate our
method by computing and analyzing second- and third-order matrix elements of
the Hamiltonian in massless phi-cubed theory in six dimensions.Comment: 47 pages, 6 figures; improved referencing, minor presentation change
Systematic Renormalization in Hamiltonian Light-Front Field Theory: The Massive Generalization
Hamiltonian light-front field theory can be used to solve for hadron states
in QCD. To this end, a method has been developed for systematic renormalization
of Hamiltonian light-front field theories, with the hope of applying the method
to QCD. It assumed massless particles, so its immediate application to QCD is
limited to gluon states or states where quark masses can be neglected. This
paper builds on the previous work by including particle masses
non-perturbatively, which is necessary for a full treatment of QCD. We show
that several subtle new issues are encountered when including masses
non-perturbatively. The method with masses is algebraically and conceptually
more difficult; however, we focus on how the methods differ. We demonstrate the
method using massive phi^3 theory in 5+1 dimensions, which has important
similarities to QCD.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures. Corrected error in Eq. (11), v3: Added extra
disclaimer after Eq. (2), and some clarification at end of Sec. 3.3. Final
published versio
On viscous propulsion in active transversely isotropic media
We report a corrigendum to the paper 'Viscous propulsion in active
transversely-isotropic media' [J. Fluid Mech. 812, 501-524, 2017 / arxiv
1608.01451].Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure
Impact of localization on Dyson's circular ensemble
A wide variety of complex physical systems described by unitary matrices have
been shown numerically to satisfy level statistics predicted by Dyson's
circular ensemble. We argue that the impact of localization in such systems is
to provide certain restrictions on the eigenvalues. We consider a solvable
model which takes into account such restrictions qualitatively and find that
within the model a gap is created in the spectrum, and there is a transition
from the universal Wigner distribution towards a Poisson distribution with
increasing localization.Comment: To be published in J. Phys.
Determination of the Physical Conditions of the Knots in the Helix Nebula from Optical and Infrared Observations
[Abridged] We use new HST and archived images to clarify the nature of the
knots in the Helix Nebula. We employ published far infrared spectrophotometry
and existing 2.12 micron images to establish that the population distribution
of the lowest ro-vibrational states of H2 is close to the distribution of a gas
in LTE at 988 +- 119 K. We derive a total flux from the nebula in H2 lines and
compare this with the power available from the central star for producing this
radiation. We establish that neither soft X-rays nor FUV radiation has enough
energy to power the H2 radiation, only the stellar EUV radiation shortward of
912 Angstrom does. Advection of material from the cold regions of the knots
produces an extensive zone where both atomic and molecular hydrogen are found,
allowing the H2 to directly be heated by Lyman continuum radiation, thus
providing a mechanism that can explain the excitation temperature and surface
brightness of the cusps and tails. New images of the knot 378-801 reveal that
the 2.12 micron cusp and tail lie immediately inside the ionized atomic gas
zone. This firmly establishes that the "tail" structure is an ionization
bounded radiation shadow behind the optically thick core of the knot. A unique
new image in the HeII 4686 Angstrom line fails to show any emission from knots
that might have been found in the He++ core of the nebula. We also re-examined
high signal-to-noise ratio ground-based telescope images of this same inner
region and found no evidence of structures that could be related to knots.Comment: Astronomical Journal, in press. Some figures are shown at reduced
resolution. A full resolution version is available at
http://www.ifront.org/wiki/Helix_Nebula_2007_Pape
Black Holes Surrounded by Uniformly Rotating Rings
Highly accurate numerical solutions to the problem of Black Holes surrounded
by uniformly rotating rings in axially symmetric, stationary spacetimes are
presented. The numerical methods developed to handle the problem are discussed
in some detail. Related Newtonian problems are described and numerical results
provided, which show that configurations can reach an inner mass-shedding limit
as the mass of the central object increases. Exemplary results for the full
relativistic problem for rings of constant density are given and the
deformation of the event horizon due to the presence of the ring is
demonstrated. Finally, we provide an example of a system for which the angular
momentum of the central Black Hole divided by the square of its mass exceeds
one.Comment: 12 pages, 14 figures, revtex, v4: minor changes, Eq. (17) corrected,
corresponds to version in PR
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