Detection and distribution of Craspedacusta sowerbii: Observations of medusae are not enough

The freshwater cnidarian Craspedacusta sowerbii, native to the Yangtze valley, has invaded lakes and ponds throughout the world. Most distribution records have to date been based on observations of the medusa (jellyfish) stage, including numerous recent publications. We aimed to determine whether polyps are widespread in lakes, and geographical areas, outside of where medusae have been observed, and whether constructed waters are more easily invaded than natural waters. Our results show that C. sowerbii is more common and widespread than is apparent from observations of medusae. We argue that observed occurrences of medusae provide little useful information regarding the distribution of this species, and that published records of new jellyfish occurrences provide unreliable estimates of the timing of introduction, establishment or spread of C. sowerbii in new regions. We found no evidence that constructed waters were more readily invaded than natural waters. Overall, accurate determination of Craspedacusta occurrence and distribution requires systematic surveys of the polyp stages

MODELING CUSTOMER SATISFACTION WITH GREEN GROCERS

Consumer/Household Economics,

SELLING LOCALLY GROWN FRESH PRODUCE: CONSUMER PERCEPTIONS OF GREEN GROCERS IN TENNESSEE

Consumer/Household Economics,

Telecommunications media for the delivery of educational programming

The technical characteristics of various telecommunications media are examined for incorporation into educational networks. FM radio, AM radio, and VHF and UHF television are considered along with computer-aided instruction. The application of iteration networks to library systems, and microform technology are discussed. The basic principles of the communications theory are outlined, and the operation of the PLATO 4 random access system is described

The Influence of a Metallic Substrate on the Post Impact Structural Characteristics of a Composite Shaft

The objective was to develop and characterize a potential method to alleviate the issues regarding post impact effective modulus of composites in a tubular geometry. The hypothesis was that the use of a metallic substrate may increase post impact stiffness characteristics of the sample geometry, compared to a traditional fiber reinforced composite tube, in the torsion and tensile loading scenarios. This required the manufacture of non substrate fiber reinforced composite samples and aluminum substrate composite samples, and testing under torsion and tension loading scenarios. Main sample testing was carried out below the sample yield point, and therefore tests were nondestructive in nature. This research has concluded with statistical significance that an aluminum substrate decreases loss in torsional effective modulus following impact compared to a composite shaft only composed of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy. Samples with both aluminum sleeve factor levels produced significantly lower post impact effective modulus change compared to traditional composite counterparts. This appears to be correlated with the elimination of visible fiber and matrix rupture during the impact event. Therefore, torsional effective modulus decrease of the aluminum sleeve tubes appears to be dictated by tube geometry change. This is in contrast to traditional composite tubes, where a decrease in effective modulus was primarily dictated by the decrease in fiber cross sectional area. This research has concluded that the aluminum substrate decreases post impact tensile effective modulus change compared to traditional composite tubes, but statistical significance could not be attained due to the high degree of variance within each of the sleeve thickness factor levels. Samples with aluminum sleeves produced lower post impact effective modulus change compared to the traditional composite counterparts, but each sample sleeve thickness factor level variance was relatively high compared to the difference in mean values

DIRECT MARKETING IN THE 1990S: TENNESSEE'S NEW FARMERS' MARKETS

Marketing,

SUPERMARKET PATRONAGE: AN ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER COUNTS AMONG OUTLETS WITHIN A GEOGRAPHIC AREA

As new supermarket management tools are introduced, the need for an improved understanding of store patronage is growing. Weekly customer counts for five supermarkets located in a Southeastern metropolitan area covering 261 weeks are analyzed. Descriptive statistics indicate that food shopper patterns vary by outlet. Regression equations are estimated for each location. Results point to store specific relationships. They indicate that evaluation of television and radio ads and double couponing can be quite involved.Consumer/Household Economics,