Method for predicting rotor free-wake positions and the resulting rotor blade airloads

Computer program has been designed and written to predict rotor free-wake positions and resulting rotor blade airloads without requiring time-consuming and tedious calculations. This program was written in FORTRAN IV for use on an IBM-360 computer

The Share Price Effects of Dividend Taxes and Tax Imputation Credits

We examine the hypothesis that dividend taxes are capitalized into share prices by focusing on investors' implicit valuations of retained earnings versus paid-in equity. Retained earnings are distributable as taxable dividends, whereas paid-in equity is distributable as a tax-free return of capital. Consistent with dividend tax capitalization, firm-level results for the United States indicate that accumulated retained earnings are valued less per unit than contributed capital. In addition, differences in dividend tax rates across U.S. tax regimes are associated with predictable differences in the magnitude of the implied tax discount for retained earnings, as are differences in dividend tax rates across Australia, Japan, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom.

Warrants for Left-Turn Signal Phasing

Warrants for the installation of left-turn phasing were developed. A review of literature was conducted along with a survey of the policies of other states. Field data of delays and conflicts were taken before and after installation of exclusive left-turn signalization. Left-turn delay studies were conducted at intersections with varying volume conditions. Analysis of the effect on accidents of adding a left-turn phase was made. The relationship between left-turn accidents and conflicts was investigated. Other types of analyses concerning gap acceptance, capacity, and benefit-cost ratios were also performed. It was found that exclusive left-turn phasing significantly reduced left-turn accidents and conflicts. This reduction was offset in part by an increase in rear-end accidents. Left-turn delay was reduced only during periods of heavy traffic flow. Total delay for an intersection increased after installation of left-turn phasing. Warrants were developed dealing with the following four general areas: accident experience, delay, volumes, and traffic conflicts

Noise Pollution and Abatement: A Review of Literature

Complaints concerning traffic noise and possibly seismic vibrations emanating from highways would probably have been adjudicated on the basis of common law doctrines pertaining to nuisances , common enemy\u27\u27, and \u27\u27power of relief were it not for recent legislation and regulations directed toward protection of the total environment. In effect, freedom from noise has been added to the clean water, clean air, clean earth policies. Surely each of those policies are founded on public sentiment. There have been a few instances where the Department has yielded relief because of traffic noise. Now safeguarding regulations seem inevitable. In the past, this Division has not presumed to pioneer in noise research but has been dutifully watchful toward developments elsewhere. We have procured a basic noise meter and have been cooperating with the Design Division in their more immediate efforts to bring measurements and abatement possibilities into consideration at the design stages. The formal, research proposal attached hereto is intended to consolidate our more casual efforts of the past into a timely study implementation of regulations. The work thus far has not involved federal participation. Regardless of whether or not participation will be sought, critical review and comments on the proposal are invited. The report submitted herewith is probably best described as soft work ; it is a brief review of literature and is included here in support of the proposal. The first part was written by Diana Deen, R. C. Deen\u27s daughter, for a high-school assignment. It appeared to bring forward certain items of information not found in highway literature

Relationships between Roadway Geometrics and Accidents

Statewide average and critical rates of accidents were determined from 1970-1972 Kentucky accident records for each type of rural highway. Accident data, obtained from state police computer tapes, were summarized to give the number of accidents on each highway type as well as information on accident severity, road surface conditions, light conditions, road character, and type of traffic control. Four-lane undivided highways had the highest average accident rate; parkways (toll roads) had the lowest rate. The severity of accidents was related to types of accidents, highways, and traffic control and to safety belt usage. Accidents involving pedestrians were the most severe types; single-vehicle accidents ranked next highest in severity. Excluding accidents at railroad crossings, accidents which occurred on curves had the highest severity index. The use of safety belts was associated with reduced severity

Highway Accidents at Bridges

Grade-separation structures (bridges) at interchanges, crossroads, over streams, railroads, etc., which are intended to provide greater convenience and safety, otherwise involve features which either obstruct the range of free travel or serve as containment barriers. The objective of this study was to identify those principal features of bridges and appurtenances which may be related to accident frequency and severity and to provide some further insights toward highway safety

Elements of Median Design in Relation to Accident Occurrence

The purpose of this study was to compare the accident histories of different median types and to provide verification of generally recommended median widths and slopes. A major limitation of the analyses was the small number of possible combinations of median width and cross slope available for study. The analyses reported provided evidence from accident histories to support the general requirement that wider medians are safer medians. It was indicated that medians should be a minimum of 30-40 feet wide for high speed facilities and that flat slopes should be provided; 4:1 slopes are inadequate for medians less than 60 feet wide. There was an indication that 6:1 or flatter slopes should be used. Raised medians provided an unsuitable vehicle recovery area on rural highways and were also undesirable from the standpoint of roadway surface drainage. The irregular interstate medians which result from independent roadway alignment should be used only with adequate clear zones in the median. Twelve-foot shoulders should be provided where guardrail is to be used

Young patients with colorectal cancer have poor survival in the first twenty months after operation and predictable survival in the medium and long-term: Analysis of survival and prognostic markers

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Objectives</p> <p>This study compares clinico-pathological features in young (<40 years) and older patients (>50 years) with colorectal cancer, survival in the young and the influence of pre-operative clinical and histological factors on survival.</p> <p>Materials and methods</p> <p>A twelve year prospective database of colorectal cancer was analysed. Fifty-three young patients were compared with forty seven consecutive older patients over fifty years old. An analysis of survival was undertaken in young patients using Kaplan Meier graphs, non parametric methods, Cox's Proportional Hazard Ratios and Weibull Hazard models.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Young patients comprised 13.4 percent of 397 with colorectal cancer. Duration of symptoms and presentation in the young was similar to older patients (median, range; young patients; 6 months, 2 weeks to 2 years, older patients; 4 months, 4 weeks to 3 years, p > 0.05). In both groups, the majority presented without bowel obstruction (young - 81%, older - 94%). Cancer proximal to the splenic flexure was present more in young than in older patients. Synchronous cancers were found exclusively in the young. Mucinous tumours were seen in 16% of young and 4% of older patients (p < 0.05). Ninety four percent of young cancer deaths were within 20 months of operation. At median follow up of 50 months in the young, overall survival was 70% and disease free survival 66%. American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage 4 and use of pre-operative chemoradiation in rectal cancer was associated with poor survival in the young.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>If patients, who are less than 40 years old with colorectal cancer, survive twenty months after operation, the prognosis improves and their survival becomes predictable.</p