Noise-free high-efficiency photon-number-resolving detectors

High-efficiency optical detectors that can determine the number of photons in a pulse of monochromatic light have applications in a variety of physics studies, including post-selection-based entanglement protocols for linear optics quantum computing and experiments that simultaneously close the detection and communication loopholes of Bell's inequalities. Here we report on our demonstration of fiber-coupled, noise-free, photon-number-resolving transition-edge sensors with 88% efficiency at 1550 nm. The efficiency of these sensors could be made even higher at any wavelength in the visible and near-infrared spectrum without resulting in a higher dark-count rate or degraded photon-number resolution.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures Published in Physical Review A, Rapid Communications, 17 June 200

Hyperbolic subdiffusive impedance

We use the hyperbolic subdiffusion equation with fractional time derivatives (the generalized Cattaneo equation) to study the transport process of electrolytes in media where subdiffusion occurs. In this model the flux is delayed in a non-zero time with respect to the concentration gradient. In particular, we obtain the formula of electrochemical subdiffusive impedance of a spatially limited sample in the limit of large and of small pulsation of the electric field. The boundary condition at the external wall of the sample are taken in the general form as a linear combination of subdiffusive flux and concentration of the transported particles. We also discuss the influence of the equation parameters (the subdiffusion parameter and the delay time) on the Nyquist impedance plots.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

Non-Markovian Levy diffusion in nonhomogeneous media

We study the diffusion equation with a position-dependent, power-law diffusion coefficient. The equation possesses the Riesz-Weyl fractional operator and includes a memory kernel. It is solved in the diffusion limit of small wave numbers. Two kernels are considered in detail: the exponential kernel, for which the problem resolves itself to the telegrapher's equation, and the power-law one. The resulting distributions have the form of the L\'evy process for any kernel. The renormalized fractional moment is introduced to compare different cases with respect to the diffusion properties of the system.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure

Sheep Updates 2005 - Part 1

This session covers seven papers from different authors: Boosting lambing percentages of WA sheep flocks. R.W. Kelly CSIRO Livestock Industries, Floreat WA , R. Kingwell Department of Agriculture WA, Kiwis can fly - 30% higher lambing in 15 years, AR Bray, Meat and Wool New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand Rams are not a trivial expense, so what can you do to maximise on your investment? Chri Oldham, Department of Agriculture Western Australia, Graeme Martin, University of West Australia. Care for mun - fetal programming, lamb survival and lifetime performance. RW Kelly CSIRO Livestock Industries, Floreat WA Boost lamb survival - select calm ewes, D Blanch University of western Australia, D Ferguson CSIRO FD McMaster Lab, NSW Getting high marking percentages in WA, Keith Crocker, Department of Agriculture Western Australia. Healthy, Welfare and Wise! Di Evans, Department of Agriculture Western Australi

Lagrangian formulation of classical fields within Riemann-Liouville fractional derivatives

The classical fields with fractional derivatives are investigated by using the fractional Lagrangian formulation.The fractional Euler-Lagrange equations were obtained and two examples were studied.Comment: 9 page

Effect of Radiation Exposure on the Retention of Commercial NAND Flash Memory

We have compared the data retention of irradiated commercial NAND flash memories with that of unirradiated controls. Under some circumstanc es, radiation exposure has a significant effect on the retention of f lash memories

Transport Equations from Liouville Equations for Fractional Systems

We consider dynamical systems that are described by fractional power of coordinates and momenta. The fractional powers can be considered as a convenient way to describe systems in the fractional dimension space. For the usual space the fractional systems are non-Hamiltonian. Generalized transport equation is derived from Liouville and Bogoliubov equations for fractional systems. Fractional generalization of average values and reduced distribution functions are defined. Hydrodynamic equations for fractional systems are derived from the generalized transport equation.Comment: 11 pages, LaTe

Fractional Klein-Kramers equation for superdiffusive transport: normal versus anomalous time evolution in a differential L{\'e}vy walk model

We introduce a fractional Klein-Kramers equation which describes sub-ballistic superdiffusion in phase space in the presence of a space-dependent external force field. This equation defines the differential L{\'e}vy walk model whose solution is shown to be non-negative. In the velocity coordinate, the probability density relaxes in Mittag-Leffler fashion towards the Maxwell distribution whereas in the space coordinate, no stationary solution exists and the temporal evolution of moments exhibits a competition between Brownian and anomalous contributions.Comment: 4 pages, REVTe

Infrared spectroscopy of diatomic molecules - a fractional calculus approach

The eigenvalue spectrum of the fractional quantum harmonic oscillator is calculated numerically solving the fractional Schr\"odinger equation based on the Riemann and Caputo definition of a fractional derivative. The fractional approach allows a smooth transition between vibrational and rotational type spectra, which is shown to be an appropriate tool to analyze IR spectra of diatomic molecules.Comment: revised + extended version, 9 pages, 6 figure

Fractional Hamilton formalism within Caputo's derivative

In this paper we develop a fractional Hamiltonian formulation for dynamic systems defined in terms of fractional Caputo derivatives. Expressions for fractional canonical momenta and fractional canonical Hamiltonian are given, and a set of fractional Hamiltonian equations are obtained. Using an example, it is shown that the canonical fractional Hamiltonian and the fractional Euler-Lagrange formulations lead to the same set of equations.Comment: 8 page