6,231 research outputs found
Experimental measurement of photothermal effect in Fabry-Perot cavities
We report the experimental observation of the photothermal effect. The
measurements are performed by modulating the laser power absorbed by the
mirrors of two high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavities. The results are very well
described by a recently proposed theoretical model [M. Cerdonio, L. Conti, A.
Heidmann and M. Pinard, Phys. Rev. D 63 (2001) 082003], confirming the
correctness of such calculations. Our observations and quantitative
characterization of the photothermal effect demonstrate its critical importance
for high sensitivity interferometric displacement measurements, as those
necessary for gravitational wave detection.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
Time-dependent Nonlinear Optical Susceptibility of an Out-of-Equilibrium Soft Material
We investigate the time-dependent nonlinear optical absorption of a clay
dispersion (Laponite) in organic dye (Rhodamine B) water solution displaying
liquid-arrested state transition. Specifically, we determine the characteristic
time of the nonlinear susceptibility build-up due as to the Soret
effect. By comparing with the relaxation time provided by standard
dynamic light scattering measurements we report on the decoupling of the two
collective diffusion times at the two very different length scales during the
aging of the out-of-equilibrium system. With this demonstration experiment we
also show the potentiality of nonlinear optics measurements in the study of the
late stage of arrest in soft materials
Optical supercavitation in soft-matter
We investigate theoretically, numerically and experimentally nonlinear
optical waves in an absorbing out-of-equilibrium colloidal material at the
gelification transition. At sufficiently high optical intensity, absorption is
frustrated and light propagates into the medium. The process is mediated by the
formation of a matter-shock wave due to optically induced thermodiffusion, and
largely resembles the mechanism of hydrodynamical supercavitation, as it is
accompanied by a dynamic phase-transition region between the beam and the
absorbing material.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, revised version: corrected typos and reference
Harmonic damped oscillators with feedback. A Langevin study
We consider a system in direct contact with a thermal reservoir and which, if
left unperturbed, is well described by a memory-less equilibrium Langevin
equation of the second order in the time coordinate. In such conditions, the
strength of the noise fluctuations is set by the damping factor, in accordance
with the Fluctuation and Dissipation theorem. We study the system when it is
subject to a feedback mechanism, by modifying the Langevin equation
accordingly. Memory terms now arise in the time evolution, which we study in a
non-equilibrium steady state. Two types of feedback schemes are considered, one
focusing on time shifts and one on phase shifts, and for both cases we evaluate
the power spectrum of the system's fluctuations. Our analysis finds application
in feedback cooled oscillators, such as the Gravitational Wave detector AURIGA.Comment: 17 page
Quasi-Lie schemes and Emden--Fowler equations
The recently developed theory of quasi-Lie schemes is studied and applied to
investigate several equations of Emden type and a scheme to deal with them and
some of their generalisations is given. As a first result we obtain t-dependent
constants of the motion for particular instances of Emden equations by means of
some of their particular solutions. Previously known results are recovered from
this new perspective. Finally some t-dependent constants of the motion for
equations of Emden type satisfying certain conditions are recovered
Froth-like minimizers of a non local free energy functional with competing interactions
We investigate the ground and low energy states of a one dimensional non
local free energy functional describing at a mean field level a spin system
with both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions. In particular, the
antiferromagnetic interaction is assumed to have a range much larger than the
ferromagnetic one. The competition between these two effects is expected to
lead to the spontaneous emergence of a regular alternation of long intervals on
which the spin profile is magnetized either up or down, with an oscillation
scale intermediate between the range of the ferromagnetic and that of the
antiferromagnetic interaction. In this sense, the optimal or quasi-optimal
profiles are "froth-like": if seen on the scale of the antiferromagnetic
potential they look neutral, but if seen at the microscope they actually
consist of big bubbles of two different phases alternating among each other. In
this paper we prove the validity of this picture, we compute the oscillation
scale of the quasi-optimal profiles and we quantify their distance in norm from
a reference periodic profile. The proof consists of two main steps: we first
coarse grain the system on a scale intermediate between the range of the
ferromagnetic potential and the expected optimal oscillation scale; in this way
we reduce the original functional to an effective "sharp interface" one. Next,
we study the latter by reflection positivity methods, which require as a key
ingredient the exact locality of the short range term. Our proof has the
conceptual interest of combining coarse graining with reflection positivity
methods, an idea that is presumably useful in much more general contexts than
the one studied here.Comment: 38 pages, 2 figure
Colleterial glands of Sesamia nonagrioides as a source of the host-recognition kairomone for the egg parasitoid Telenomus busseolae
The maize stemborer Sesamia nonagrioides glues its egg masses under the leaf sheaths or ear bracts using colleterial gland secretion. In spite of such concealed oviposition sites, these eggs are parasitized by Telenomus busseolae. The colleterial glands of S. nonagrioides are investigated as a possible source of the host-recognition kairomone for T. busseolae. This secretion, applied on glass beads, elicits intense antennal drumming and oviposition probing behaviour in the parasitoid. Through an histochemical study, neutral and acid glycoconjugates are identified as components of the secretion. Finally, using ultrastructural techniques, the colleterial glands are described and classified as comprising class 3 secretory cells
Relationship between Neutrinoless -Decay and Double Charge-Exchange Resonances
To describe the double-charge-exchange (DCE) processes, we have designed
recently the -QTDA model which fully includes the pairing
correlations and four quasiparticle excitations. It has been applied in
double beta decays (DBDs), and the double charge-exchange resonances (DCERs).
Here we extend it to DBD and discuss the relationship between the
nuclear matrix elements (NMEs), and the DCE reaction matrix elements (RMEs)
with the same spin-isospin structure. We do it for all final states, even
in the region of DCERs, where the DBD is energetically forbidden.
As an example, we evaluate the DBD Ge Se, both for
and modes, as well as the associated DCE sum rules, excitation
energies within the -value window for DBD, and the -value itself. We find
that the NMEs are correlated with the RMEs, both at low energy, and in
the DCER region where most of the transition strength is concentrated. These
findings occur in other nuclei as well and suggest that measurements of
DCERs could provide useful information regarding the DBD. An analogous
comparison and conclusion cannot be made for the states, since the
NMEs and RMEs transition operators are not similar to each other in this case.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure, To be submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
Geo-visual analytics for urban design in the context of future Internet
The internet, where much of the information has
reference to location, together with the latest generation of geographical web services, represent a very large information space that can be used for planning and design. The wealth of information accessible, which requires new forms of interaction and management of the data available, has brought in recent year to the growth of the domain of visual analytics.
In addition, the availability of 3D geobrowsers provides the technological means for interactive 3D environments which can be used to access large-scale geographical information.
This technological scenario is paving the way to 3D webbased, geo-visual analytics tools for land planning and urban design tools.
This paper illustrates the results of a research
effort which has brought to the development of an interactive geo-visual analytics platform for land planning and urban design which makes use of procedural modelling algorithms
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