Fluoride concentration in drinking water in small villages in the Cape province [Die fluoriedkonsentrasie in die drinkwater van kleiner dorpe in die Kaapprovinsie.]

The purpose of the study was to update existing tables on the fluoride content of drinking water and thereby help curb its fluoride overdose from the use of fluoride containing tablets. The fluoride concentration in the drinking water of 57 villages in the Cape Province was determined by a combination fluoride ion selective electrode. This investigation showed that the number of available water sources decreased as follows: boreholes greater than dams greater than fountains = canals. Furthermore, boreholes contained more fluoride in the drinking water than fountains, dams or canals (p less than 0.10). Five out of 41 boreholes have less than or equal to 0.10 parts per million (ppm) fluoride in the drinking water, while 17 out of 26 dams, 4 out of 13 rivers and 3 out of 5 fountains and canals contained less than or equal to 0.10 ppm fluoride.Articl

Microhardness changes in surface enamel after application of bioadhesive fluoride tablets in situ

AbstractThe effect of fluoride released by bioadhesive tablets was evaluated in an in situ model in human volunteers. Eight volunteers carried four to six polished human enamel samples in a lower lingual device for a period of 5 days without fluoride supplements (control) and 5 days using one bioadhesive tablet (0.5 mg F) per day, placed in the lower buccal sulcus. Changes in mineral content were measured in terms of surface microhardness indentation length (load 0.98 N, Knoop diamond indenter). Some enamel samples were analyzed for their fluoride content by means of a surface etch biopsy. The indentation length increased significantly in both experiments, but demineralization was less pronounced with fluoride (indentation length increased from 44 +/- 7 to 48 +/- 13 microns) than in the control (44 +/- 7 to 58 +/- 13 microns). The fluoride concentration and the amount of calcium in the acid etch biopsy specimens of the enamel samples did not differ significantly between the two groups. Bioadhesive, fluoride-releasing tablets have therefore demonstrated the potential to reduce demineralization by elevating salivary and plaque fluoride concentration for a period of several hours. This self-administered device can be a supplementary means for prevention of caries.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Comparison of salivary fluoride concentrations after administration of a bio-adhesive slow-release tablet and a conventional fluoride tablet.

AbstractThe in-vitro and in-vivo fluoride release of bioadhesive, slow-release tablets prepared from a mixture of polyethylene glycol polymers, containing 0.1 mg of fluoride as NaF was studied, and their ability to sustain fluoride levels in saliva were compared with conventional fluoride tablets with the same fluoride content. In-vitro release experiments showed that the bioadhesive tablets needed 8 h to release all their fluoride compared with less than 1 h for the conventional fluoride tablets. In-vivo, the bioadhesive tablets had a retention period of 6 h and could sustain a salivary fluoride level of more than 10 microM above the baseline for 7 h. The conventional fluoride tablets achieved a peak concentration of 0.5 mM directly after dissolution in the mouth, but the fluoride level could not be sustained for longer than 1 h. A good agreement was found between the in-vitro swelling behaviour of the bioadhesive tablets and their in-vitro and in-vivo release characteristics and their in-vivo retention time.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Development and Testing of Bioadhesive, Fluoride-containing Slow-release Tablets for Oral Use

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Marginal and apical bone stability after staged sinus floor augmentation using bone condensing implants with variable-thread design : a two-dimensional analysis

Studies on the vertical stability of augmented bone after sinus lifting differ substantially. In addition, long healing periods are usually advocated prior to implant installation. The purpose of this case series study was to evaluate the changes in bone height after sinus lifting with a bovine-derived xenograft and to evaluate the clinical outcome of bone condensing implants installed after a short healing period. Patients treated during the years 2010-2013 were re-examined using peri-apical radiographs to evaluate the changes in augmented bone height (BH) and marginal bone loss (BL). Fifty-seven of 70 eligible subjects (28 male and 29 female, mean age 56 years) attended for reassessment. Data were available for 53 sinus lifts and 105 implants installed after a mean healing period of 4.6 +/- 1.5 months. Implant survival was 99% after a mean time in function of 19 9 months. Baseline BH, BH at implant placement, and final BH were on average 3.87 +/- 1.74 mm, 13.75 +/- 2.12 mm, and 13.11 +/- 2.12 mm, respectively (P < 0.001). Mean BL was 0.51 +/- 0.65 mm. Only limited resorption is to be expected after sinus lifting in the short term. A bone condensing implant can be used in the early healing phase with successful outcomes in terms of implant survival and bone adaptation