Urinary bisphenol A concentration and risk of future coronary artery disease in apparently healthy men and women

addresses: Epidemiology and Public Health Group, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, Barrack Road, Exeter, United Kingdom. [email protected]: Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tThe endocrine-disrupting chemical bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in food and beverage packaging. Higher urinary BPA concentrations were cross-sectionally associated with heart disease in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004 and NHANES 2005-2006, independent of traditional risk factors.Medical Research Council UKCancer Research UKBritish Heart FoundationPeninsula Medical School, University of ExeterEuropean Regional Development FundEuropean Social Fund Convergence Programme for Cornwall and the Isles of ScillyNational Institute for Health Research Collaborations for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Car

Urinary bisphenol a concentration and angiography-defined coronary artery stenosis.

PublishedResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tThis is the final version of the article. Available from PLoS via the DOI in this record.BACKGROUND: Bisphenol A is widely used in food and drinks packaging. There is evidence of associations between raised urinary bisphenol A (uBPA) and increased incidence of reported cardiovascular diagnoses. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To estimate associations between BPA exposure and angiographically graded coronary atherosclerosis. 591 patients participating in The Metabonomics and Genomics in Coronary Artery Disease (MaGiCAD) study in Cambridgeshire UK, comparing urinary BPA (uBPA) with grades of severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) on angiography. Linear models were adjusted for BMI, occupational social class and diabetes status. Severe (one to three vessel) CAD was present in 385 patients, 86 had intermediate disease (n=86) and 120 had normal coronary arteries. The (unadjusted) median uBPA concentration was 1.28 ng/mL with normal coronary arteries, and 1.53 ng/mL with severe CAD. Compared to those with normal coronary arteries, uBPA concentration was significantly higher in those with severe CAD (OR per uBPA SD=5.96 ng/ml OR=1.43, CI 1.03 to 1.98, p=0.033), and near significant for intermediate disease (OR=1.69, CI 0.98 to 2.94, p=0.061). There was no significant uBPA difference between patients with severe CAD (needing surgery) and the remaining groups combined. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: BPA exposure was higher in those with severe coronary artery stenoses compared to those with no vessel disease. Larger studies are needed to estimate true dose response relationships. The mechanisms underlying the association remain to be established.David Melzer and Tamara Galloway’s work on BPA has been supported by unrestricted funds from the University of Exeter (www.exeter.ac.uk), the Peninsula Clinical Research facility (www.peninsulacrf.org) and by grant funding from the British Heart Foundation (www.bhf.org.uk - grant reference PG/09/097). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

In vitro sensitivity of 3 strains of Leptospira interrogans to 3 different antibiotics

Leptospirosis, anthropo-zoonosis ubiquitously widespread, is a social and economic problem still to be solved. The experimental and therapeutic employment of many antibiotics has largely been tested "in vitro" and "in vivo". In the following research we tried to evaluate, by experimental "in vitro" method, the sensitivity difference of three serovar strains of Leptospira interrogans to two macrolides. Erythromycin and Josamycin, compared with Penicillin. From standard cultures, previously treated with serial dilution of these antibiotics, the MIC and MSC, as quantitative parameters, have been stated. For the qualitative evaluation of the damages induced at ultrastructural level by the drug activity. Electron Microscopy investigations were performed on specimens from cultures treated for 6 hr with twice and tenfold the MSC. The present research confirms the good sterilizing efficaciousness "in vitro" of the tested macrolides (MSC less than 1 mcg/ml) and their different activity pathway