897 research outputs found
Extended Scaling for the high dimension and square lattice Ising Ferromagnets
In the high dimension (mean field) limit the susceptibility and the second
moment correlation length of the Ising ferromagnet depend on temperature as
chi(T)=tau^{-1} and xi(T)=T^{-1/2}tau^{-1/2} exactly over the entire
temperature range above the critical temperature T_c, with the scaling variable
tau=(T-T_c)/T. For finite dimension ferromagnets temperature dependent
effective exponents can be defined over all T using the same expressions. For
the canonical two dimensional square lattice Ising ferromagnet it is shown that
compact "extended scaling" expressions analogous to the high dimensional limit
forms give accurate approximations to the true temperature dependencies, again
over the entire temperature range from T_c to infinity. Within this approach
there is no cross-over temperature in finite dimensions above which
mean-field-like behavior sets in.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure
Effect of boundaries on vacuum field fluctuations and radiation-mediated interactions between atoms
In this paper we discuss and review several aspects of the effect of boundary
conditions and structured environments on dispersion and resonance interactions
involving atoms or molecules, as well as on vacuum field fluctuations. We first
consider the case of a perfect mirror, which is free to move around an
equilibrium position and whose mechanical degrees of freedom are treated
quantum mechanically. We investigate how the quantum fluctuations of the
mirror's position affect vacuum field fluctuations for both a one-dimensional
scalar and electromagnetic field, showing that the effect is particularly
significant in the proximity of the moving mirror. This result can be also
relevant for possible gravitational effects, since the field energy density
couples to gravity. We stress that this interaction-induced modification of the
vacuum field fluctuations can be probed through the Casimir-Polder interaction
with a polarizable body, thus allowing to detect the effect of the mirror's
quantum position fluctuations. We then consider the effect of an environment
such as an isotropic photonic crystal or a metallic waveguide, on the resonance
interaction between two entangled identical atoms, one excited and the other in
the ground state. We discuss the strong dependence of the resonance interaction
with the relative position of the atomic transition frequency with the gap of
the photonic crystal in the former case, and with the cut-off frequency of
waveguide in the latter.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop
DICE 2016 Spacetime - Matter - Quantum Mechanic
Dynamical Linked Cluster Expansions: A Novel Expansion Scheme for Point-Link-Point-Interactions
Dynamical linked cluster expansions are linked cluster expansions with
hopping parameter terms endowed with their own dynamics. This amounts to a
generalization from 2-point to point-link-point interactions. We develop an
associated graph theory with a generalized notion of connectivity and describe
an algorithmic generation of the new multiple-line graphs. We indicate physical
applications to spin glasses, partially annealed neural networks and SU(N)
gauge Higgs systems. In particular the new expansion technique provides the
possibility of avoiding the replica-trick in spin glasses. We consider
variational estimates for the SU(2) Higgs model of the electroweak phase
transition. The results for the transition line, obtained by dynamical linked
cluster expansions, agree quite well with corresponding high precision Monte
Carlo results.Comment: 41 pages, latex2e, 10 postscript figure
Determination of Gd concentration profile in UO2-Gd2O3 fuel pellets
A transversal mapping of the Gd concentration was measured in UO2-Gd2O3
nuclear fuel pellets by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). The
quantification was made from the comparison with a Gd2O3 reference sample. The
nominal concentration in the pellets is UO2: 7.5 % Gd2O3. A concentration
gradient was found, which indicates that the Gd2O3 amount diminishes towards
the edges of the pellets. The concentration varies from (9.3 +/- 0.5)% in the
center to (5.8 +/- 0.3)% in one of the edges. The method was found to be
particularly suitable for the precise mapping of the distribution of Gd3+ ions
in the UO2 matrix.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. Submitted to Journal of Nuclear
Material
Neuronal bursting: interactions of the persistent sodium and CAN currents
The pre-Botzinger complex (pBC) is a heterogeneous neuronal network within the mammalian brainstem and has been experimentally found to generate robust, synchronous bursts [1]. Significant modeling research has been conducted on characterizing the dynamics of individual neurons within the pBC. [2, 3] It is well known that the persistent sodium current (INaP) contributes to square-wave bursting seen in the pBC [4]. Recent experimental work within the pBC identified a signaling cascade that starts with presynaptic glutamate and ends with the release of intracellular calcium that activates a nonspecific cationic current (ICAN) [5]. A subsequent model demonstrated that ICAN may contribute to bursts within the pBC that exhibit depolarization block [6]. With these two mechanisms for generating bursts present within the pBC, an open question is how do they combine to generate the robust bursts seen in the network? The present work seeks to analyze the result of including both INaP and ICAN within the same model. We consider the effects of heterogeneity in the conductance gNaP of INaP and the conductance gCAN of ICAN; with this heterogeneity in mind, the model cell may be quiescent, tonically active, have only square-wave bursts, have only depolarization-block exhibiting bursts, or may show both types of bursting. Using the mathematical tools of bifurcation analysis and slow-fast decomposition, we illuminate the mechanisms underlying the transitions of a model cell between the types of dynamics listed above. Our results show that, in cases where gCAN is relatively high, increasing gNaP increases the range of gCAN where the resultant cell has depolarization-block exhibiting bursts. On the other hand, when gCAN is relatively low, increasing gNaP may cause the cell to transition from quiescence, to square wave bursting, to tonic activity, to square wave bursts with high duty cycles, and finally further increase of gNaP causes the cell to again be tonically active. The latter two transitions do not occur if ICAN is absent. The interactions of ICAN and INaP are relevant to many systems beyond the pBC. Individually, ICAN and INaP have been focused on as important to rhythmic burst generation in other systems such as the entorhinal cortex [7]; however, it is likely that both currents are present in these systems. Thus, a detailed account for the interaction of ICAN and INaP may help explain the rhythm generation encountered in other systems beyond the pBC
A scanning tunneling microscopy based potentiometry technique and its application to the local sensing of the spin Hall effect
A scanning tunneling microscopy based potentiometry technique for the
measurements of the local surface electric potential is presented and
illustrated by experiments performed on current-carrying thin tungsten films.
The obtained results demonstrate a sub-millivolt resolution in the measured
surface potential. The application of this potentiometry technique to the local
sensing of the spin Hall effect is outlined and some experimental results are
reported.Comment: 9 pages and 4 figure
Pure spin current manipulation in antiferromagnetically exchange coupled heterostructures
We present a model to describe the spin currents generated by ferromagnet/spacer/ferromagnet exchange coupled trilayer systems and heavy metal layers with strong spin-orbit coupling. By exploiting the magnitude of the exchange coupling (oscillatory RKKY-like coupling) and the spin-flop transition in the magnetization process, it has been possible to produce spin currents polarized in arbitrary directions. The spin-flop transition of the trilayer system originates pure spin currents whose polarization vector depends on the exchange field and the magnetization equilibrium angles. We also discuss a protocol to control the polarization sign of the pure spin current injected into the metallic layer by changing the initial conditions of magnetization of the ferromagnetic layers previously to the spin pumping and inverse spin Hall effect experiments. The small differences in the ferromagnetic layers lead to a change in the magnetization vector rotation that permits the control of the sign of the induced voltage components due to the inverse spin Hall effect. Our results can lead to important advances in hybrid spintronic devices with new functionalities, particularly, the ability to control microscopic parameters such as the polarization direction and the sign of the pure spin current through the variation of macroscopic parameters, such as the external magnetic field or the thickness of the spacer in antiferromagnetic exchange coupled systems.Fil: Avilés Félix, L.. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Energía Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro; ArgentinaFil: Butera, Alejandro Ricardo. Comision Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia de Área Investigaciones y Aplicaciones no Nucleares. Gerencia de Física (Centro Atómico Bariloche). División Resonancias Magnéticas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: González Chávez, D. E.. Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas; BrasilFil: Sommer, R. L.. Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas; BrasilFil: Gomez, Javier Enrique. Comision Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia de Área Investigaciones y Aplicaciones no Nucleares. Gerencia de Física (Centro Atómico Bariloche). División Resonancias Magnéticas; Argentin
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