Thermoelectrically cooled cloud physics expansion chamber

The design and fabrication of a thermoelectric chiller for use in chilling a liquid reservoir is described. Acceptance test results establish the accuracy of the thermal model and predict the unit performance under various conditions required by the overall spacelab program

Computer-Aided Chemistry at Surrey — the way ahead

This article describes the objectives and rationale of the degree course in Computer-Aided Chemistry at the University of Surrey. The course, which is the first of its kind, represents a sharp break with the past in that industry was intimately involved in the early stages of the planning as well as providing subsequent support; furthermore, much of the teaching is done via a workshop approach. The course aims to produce high-calibre chemists, particularly of the analytical kind, with a firm foundation in computing and having benefited from the close collaboration and cooperation of industry

Fifty years in inborn errors of metabolism : from urine ferric chloride to mass spectrometry and gene analysis

Electronic version does not contain associated previously published materialPrefatory material introducing a collection of articles spanning fifty years of research into inborn errors of metabolism. Table of Contents: 1. Introduction -- 2. Background information about inborn errors of metabolism -- 3. Lessons from phenylketonuria [PKU] -- 4. My role in developing new medical foods -- 5. My role in solving an epidemic of benzyl alcohol poisoning in premature infants -- 6. My role in galactosaemia research -- 7. My start in the metabolic world - screening tests in urine -- 8. My experiences in disaster relief -- 9. My first appearance in the medical literature -- 10. A selection of rare and unusual diseases -- 11. Tyrosinaemia type II; tyrosine aminotransferase deficiency -- 12. Iminodipeptiduria due to prolidase deficiency -- 13. Citrullinaemia -- 14. Rippling muscle disease -- 15. A fatal X-linked disorder of diarrhoea, diabetes mellitus and immune dysregulation -- 16. Infantile Refsum disease -- 17. Hereditary hypocalcuric hypercalcaemia -- 18. Carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein disease type IAPKU -- 19. Thiamine-responsive diabetes and deafness -- 20. Folinic acid-responsive seizures: a false alarm -- 21. S-adenosylmethionine hydrolase deficiency -- 22. Deficiency of complex III of the respiratory chain -- 23. Current research: quantitation of infant sucking behaviour -- 24. Discussion and summar

A transient mechanistic two-fluid model for Direct Contact Condensation

Intensified heat treatment, using Direct Contact Condensation (DCC), is applied in the production of dairy products to ensure a high level of food safety. The key challenge with DCC is the protein reactions and fouling that limit operational efficiency and sustainability. The use of validated, transient models to predict temperature, phase fraction and velocity gradients is essential and can improve the operation of DCC. Pilot plant scale experiments were performed for a wide range of steam mass fluxes, inlet water temperatures, water Reynolds number and channel pressures to validate a transient 1D two-fluid model. The model was tested against steady-state experimental data and showed good agreement. In addition the model was tested against transient data in which either the water flow rate was step wise decreased or the pressure was adjusted throughout the experiment. In general the model followed the experimental trend well provided that the flow inside the channel is homogeneous.</p

An Antithrombin-Heparin Complex Increases the Anticoagulant Activity of Fibrin Clots

Clotting blood contains fibrin-bound thrombin, which is a major source of procoagulant activity leading to clot extension and further activation of coagulation. When bound to fibrin, thrombin is protected from inhibition by antithrombin (AT) + heparin but is neutralized when AT and heparin are covalently linked (ATH). Here, we report the surprising observation that, rather than yielding an inert complex, thrombin-ATH formation converts clots into anticoagulant surfaces that effectively catalyze inhibition of thrombin in the surrounding environment