Neural reward processing in paediatric Tourette syndrome and/or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Contains fulltext : 208677.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common comorbidity in individuals with Tourette syndrome (TS). Yet, it is unclear to what extent TS and ADHD show overlapping or distinct neural abnormalities. ADHD has been associated with altered reward processing, but there are very few studies on reward processing in TS. This study assessed neural activation of basal ganglia and thalamus during reward anticipation and receipt in children with TS and/or ADHD. We analysed mean activations of a priori specified regions of interest during an fMRI monetary incentive delay task. Data was used from 124 children aged 8-12 years (TS n=47, of which 29 had comorbid ADHD; ADHD n=29; healthy controls n=48). ADHD severity across ADHD and TS groups and healthy controls was marginally related to hypoactivation of the right nucleus accumbens during reward anticipation; this effect was not moderated by TS diagnosis. We detected no associations of neural activation with TS. The association between ADHD severity and hypoactivation of the right nucleus accumbens during reward anticipation, independent of the presence or absence of TS, is in line with the view of nucleus accumbens hypoactivation as a dimensional, neurofunctional marker of ADHD severity, transcending the boundaries of primary diagnosis

Harri Ihanus & Klas Lindqvist med Jan Adefeldt Trio

Harri Ihanus &amp; Klas lindqvist with Jan Adefeldt Trio at Jazzligan, Fagersta 24/11-2014.LåtlistaSet1:ILet a Song Go Out Of My Heart (Ellington-Nemo-Redmond)Iremember You (Scherzinger-Mercer)Peace (Silver)AloneTogether (Dietz-Schwartz)OrientalThings (Petter Carlsson)Nilsie (AliveBabs) Set2:Like Someone In Love (Burke-van Heusen)WaltzNow (Klas Lindqvist)TheSong Is You (Kern-Hammerstein II)Darn That Dream (van Heusen-de Lange)Tico-Tico (Abreau-Drake)IntimacyOf The Blues (Strayhorn)Konserten är delvis sponsrad med kulturmedel via jazzriksförbundet och västmanlandsmusiken.Validerad; 2015; Nivå 1; 20141209 (hiha)</p

Frontostriatal functional connectivity correlates with repetitive behaviour across autism spectrum disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder

BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are neurodevelopmental disorders with considerable overlap in terms of their defining symptoms of compulsivity/repetitive behaviour. Little is known about the extent to which ASD and OCD have common versus distinct neural correlates of compulsivity. Previous research points to potentially common dysfunction in frontostriatal connectivity, but direct comparisons in one study are lacking. Here, we assessed frontostriatal resting-state functional connectivity in youth with ASD or OCD, and healthy controls. In addition, we applied a cross-disorder approach to examine whether repetitive behaviour across ASD and OCD has common neural substrates. METHODS A sample of 78 children and adolescents aged 8-16 years was used (ASD n = 24; OCD n = 25; healthy controls n = 29), originating from the multicentre study COMPULS. We tested whether diagnostic group, repetitive behaviour (measured with the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised) or their interaction was associated with resting-state functional connectivity of striatal seed regions. RESULTS No diagnosis-specific differences were detected. The cross-disorder analysis, on the other hand, showed that increased functional connectivity between the left nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and a cluster in the right premotor cortex/middle frontal gyrus was related to more severe symptoms of repetitive behaviour. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the fruitfulness of applying a cross-disorder approach to investigate the neural underpinnings of compulsivity/repetitive behaviour, by revealing a shared alteration in functional connectivity in ASD and OCD. We argue that this alteration might reflect aberrant reward or motivational processing of the NAcc with excessive connectivity to the premotor cortex implementing learned action patterns

Frontostriatal functional connectivity correlates with repetitive behaviour across autism spectrum disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder

BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are neurodevelopmental disorders with considerable overlap in terms of their defining symptoms of compulsivity/repetitive behaviour. Little is known about the extent to which ASD and OCD have common versus distinct neural correlates of compulsivity. Previous research points to potentially common dysfunction in frontostriatal connectivity, but direct comparisons in one study are lacking. Here, we assessed frontostriatal resting-state functional connectivity in youth with ASD or OCD, and healthy controls. In addition, we applied a cross-disorder approach to examine whether repetitive behaviour across ASD and OCD has common neural substrates. METHODS: A sample of 78 children and adolescents aged 8-16 years was used (ASD n = 24; OCD n = 25; healthy controls n = 29), originating from the multicentre study COMPULS. We tested whether diagnostic group, repetitive behaviour (measured with the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised) or their interaction was associated with resting-state functional connectivity of striatal seed regions. RESULTS: No diagnosis-specific differences were detected. The cross-disorder analysis, on the other hand, showed that increased functional connectivity between the left nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and a cluster in the right premotor cortex/middle frontal gyrus was related to more severe symptoms of repetitive behaviour. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate the fruitfulness of applying a cross-disorder approach to investigate the neural underpinnings of compulsivity/repetitive behaviour, by revealing a shared alteration in functional connectivity in ASD and OCD. We argue that this alteration might reflect aberrant reward or motivational processing of the NAcc with excessive connectivity to the premotor cortex implementing learned action patterns

Fronto-striatal glutamate in autism spectrum disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) are often comorbid with the overlap based on compulsive behaviors. Although previous studies suggest glutamatergic deficits in fronto-striatal brain areas in both disorders, this is the first study to directly compare the glutamate concentrations across the two disorders with those in healthy control participants using both categorical and dimensional approaches. In the current multi-center study (four centers), we used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 51 children with ASD, 29 with OCD, and 53 healthy controls (aged 8-13 years) to investigate glutamate (Glu) concentrations in two regions of the fronto-striatal circuit: midline anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and left dorsal striatum. Spectra were processed with Linear Combination Model. Group comparisons were performed with one-way analyses of variance including sex, medication use, and scanner site as covariates. In addition, a dimensional analysis was performed, linking glutamate with a continuous measure of compulsivity across disorders. There was a main group effect for ACC glutamate (p=0.019). Contrast analyses showed increased glutamate both in children with ASD and OCD compared with controls (p=0.007), but no differences between the two disorders (p=0.770). Dimensional analyses revealed a positive correlation between compulsive behavior (measured with the Repetitive Behavior Scale) and ACC glutamate (rho=0.24, p=0.03). These findings were robust across sites. No differences were found in the striatum. The current findings confirm overlap between ASD and OCD in terms of glutamate involvement. Glutamate concentration in ACC seems to be associated with the severity of compulsive behavior

Fronto-Striatal Glutamate in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) are often comorbid with the overlap based on compulsive behaviors. Although previous studies suggest glutamatergic deficits in fronto-striatal brain areas in both disorders, this is the first study to directly compare the glutamate concentrations across the two disorders with those in healthy control participants using both categorical and dimensional approaches. In the current multi-center study (four centers), we used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 51 children with ASD, 29 with OCD, and 53 healthy controls (aged 8-13 years) to investigate glutamate (Glu) concentrations in two regions of the fronto-striatal circuit: midline anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and left dorsal striatum. Spectra were processed with Linear Combination Model. Group comparisons were performed with one-way analyses of variance including sex, medication use, and scanner site as covariates. In addition, a dimensional analysis was performed, linking glutamate with a continuous measure of compulsivity across disorders. There was a main group effect for ACC glutamate (p=0.019). Contrast analyses showed increased glutamate both in children with ASD and OCD compared with controls (p=0.007), but no differences between the two disorders (p=0.770). Dimensional analyses revealed a positive correlation between compulsive behavior (measured with the Repetitive Behavior Scale) and ACC glutamate (rho=0.24, p=0.03). These findings were robust across sites. No differences were found in the striatum. The current findings confirm overlap between ASD and OCD in terms of glutamate involvement. Glutamate concentration in ACC seems to be associated with the severity of compulsive behavior.Neuropsychopharmacology advance online publication, 14 December 2016; doi:10.1038/npp.2016.260