518 research outputs found
HI Clouds detected towards Virgo with the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA Survey
The Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA survey is in the process of yielding a complete
HI dataset of the Virgo Cluster and its environs (Giovanelli et al. 2007, Kent
et al., in preparation). Assuming a distance to Virgo of 16.7 Mpc, the minimum
detectable HI mass by ALFALFA is of order 2 x 10^7 Msun. A number of the HI
detections appear to have interesting properties. Some appear associated with,
but offset from, low surface brightness optical counterparts; others, at larger
spatial offsets, may be tidally related to optical counterparts. Yet another
class includes detections which are not identifiable with any optical
counterparts. We present the ALFALFA results on these objects in the Virgo
region, as well as followup aperture synthesis observations obtained with the
VLA.Comment: To appear in Proceedings of IAU Symp #244, "Dark Galaxies and Lost
Baryons", June 2007, 10 pages including 7 figures and 1 tabl
Magnetic properties of La(0.67)Sr(0.33)MnO3/BiFeO3(001) heterojunctions: chemically abrupt versus atomic intermixed interface
Using first-principles density-functional calculations, we address the
magnetic properties of the ferromagnet/antiferromagnet
La(0.67)Sr(0.33)MnO3/BiFeO3(001) heterojunctions, and investigate possible
driving mechanisms for a ferromagnetic (FM) interfacial ordering of the Fe
spins recently observed experimentally. We find that the chemically abrupt
defect-free La(0.67)Sr(0.33)MnO3/BiFeO3(001) heterojunction displays, as ground
state, an ordering with compensated Fe spins. Cation Fe/Mn intermixing at the
interface tends to favour, instead, a FM interfacial order of the Fe spins,
coupled antiferromagnetically to the bulk La(0.67)Sr(0.33)MnO3 spins, as
observed experimentally. Such trends are understood based on a model
description of the energetics of the exchange interactions.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure
Deep griz GMOS Imaging of the Dwarf Irregular Galaxy Kar 50
Images obtained with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS) are used to
investigate the stellar content and distance of the dwarf irregular galaxy Kar
50. The brightest object is an HII region, and the bright stellar content is
dominated by stars with g'-r' < 0. The tips of the main sequence and the red
giant branch are tentatively identified near r' = 24.9 and i' = 25.5,
respectively. The galaxy has a blue integrated color with no significant color
gradient, and we conclude that Kar 50 has experienced a recent galaxy-wide
episode of star formation. The distance estimated from the brightest blue stars
indicates that Kar 50 is behind the M81 group, and this is consistent with the
tentative RGB-tip brightness. Kar 50 has a remarkably flat central surface
brightness profile, even at wavelengths approaching 1um, although there is no
evidence of a bar. In the absence of another large star-forming episode, Kar 50
will evolve into a very low surface brightness galaxy.Comment: 17 pages of text and 8 postscript figures. Accepted for publication
in the PAS
The faint end of the galaxy luminosity function
We present and discuss optical measurements of the faint end of the galaxy
luminosity function down to M_R = -10 in five different local environments of
varying galaxy density and morphological content. The environments we studied,
in order of decreasing galaxy density, are the Virgo Cluster, the NGC 1407
Group, the Coma I Group, the Leo Group and the NGC 1023 Group. Our results come
from a deep wide-angle survey with the NAOJ Subaru 8 m Telescope on Mauna Kea
and are sensitive down to very faint surface-brightness levels. Galaxies were
identified as group or cluster members on the basis of their surface brightness
and morphology. The faintest galaxies in our sample have R ~ 22.5. There were
thousands of fainter galaxies but we cannot distinguish cluster members from
background galaxies at these faint limits so do not attempt to determine a
luminosity function fainter than M_R = -10.
In all cases, there are far fewer dwarfs than the numbers of low mass halos
anticipated by cold dark matter theory. The mean logarithmic slope of the
luminosity function between M_R = -18 and M_R = -10 is alpha ~ -1.2, far
shallower than the cold dark matter mass function slope of alpha ~ -1.8. We
would therefore need to be missing about 90 per cent of the dwarfs at the faint
end of our sample in all the environments we study to achieve consistency with
CDM theory.Comment: 23 pages, 26 figs, MNRAS in pres
Consequences of gravitational radiation recoil
Coalescing binary black holes experience an impulsive kick due to anisotropic
emission of gravitational waves. We discuss the dynamical consequences of the
recoil accompanying massive black hole mergers. Recoil velocities are
sufficient to eject most coalescing black holes from dwarf galaxies and
globular clusters, which may explain the apparent absence of massive black
holes in these systems. Ejection from giant elliptical galaxies would be rare,
but coalescing black holes are displaced from the center and fall back on a
time scale of order the half-mass crossing time. Displacement of the black
holes transfers energy to the stars in the nucleus and can convert a steep
density cusp into a core. Radiation recoil calls into question models that grow
supermassive black holes from hierarchical mergers of stellar-mass precursors.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, emulateapj style; minor changes made; accepted to
ApJ Letter
Virgo cluster early-type dwarf galaxies with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. IV. The color-magnitude relation
We present an analysis of the optical colors of 413 Virgo cluster early-type
dwarf galaxies (dEs), based on Sloan Digital Sky Survey imaging data. Our study
comprises (1) a comparison of the color-magnitude relation (CMR) of the
different dE subclasses that we identified in Paper III of this series, (2) a
comparison of the shape of the CMR in low and high-density regions, (3) an
analysis of the scatter of the CMR, and (4) an interpretation of the observed
colors with ages and metallicities from population synthesis models. We find
that the CMRs of nucleated (dE(N)) and non-nucleated dEs (dE(nN)) are
significantly different from each other, with similar colors at fainter
magnitudes (r > 17 mag), but increasingly redder colors of the dE(N)s at
brighter magnitudes. We interpret this with older ages and/or higher
metallicities of the brighter dE(N)s. The dEs with disk features have similar
colors as the dE(N)s and seem to be only slightly younger and/or less
metal-rich on average. Furthermore, we find a small but significant dependence
of the CMR on local projected galaxy number density, consistently seen in all
of u-r, g-r, and g-i, and weakly i-z. We deduce that a significant intrinsic
color scatter of the CMR is present, even when allowing for a distance spread
of our galaxies. No increase of the CMR scatter at fainter magnitudes is
observed down to r = 17 mag (Mr = -14 mag). The color residuals, i.e., the
offsets of the data points from the linear fit to the CMR, are clearly
correlated with each other in all colors for the dE(N)s and for the full dE
sample. We conclude that there must be at least two different formation
channels for early-type dwarfs in order to explain the heterogeneity of this
class of galaxy. (Abridged)Comment: 17 pages + 12 figures. Accepted for publication in A
Dissipative transformation of non-nucleated dwarf galaxies into nucleated systems
Recent photometric observations by the {\it Hubble Space Telescope (HST)}
have revealed the physical properties of stellar galactic nuclei in nucleated
dwarf galaxies in the Virgo cluster of galaxies. In order to elucidate the
formation processes of nucleated dwarfs, we numerically investigate gas
dynamics, star formation, and chemical evolution within the central 1 kpc of
gas disks embedded within the galactic stellar components of non-nucleated
dwarfs. We find that high density, compact stellar systems can be formed in the
central regions of dwarfs as a result of dissipative, repeated merging of
massive stellar and gaseous clumps developed from nuclear gaseous spiral arms
as a result of local gravitational instability. The central stellar components
are found to have stellar masses which are typically 5% of their host dwarfs
and show very flattened shapes, rotational kinematics, and central velocity
dispersions significantly smaller than those of their host dwarfs. We also find
that more massive dwarfs can develop more massive, more metal-rich, and higher
density stellar systems in their central regions, because star formation and
chemical enrichment proceed more efficiently owing to the less dramatic
suppression of star formation by supernovae feedback effects in more massive
dwarfs. Based on these results, we suggest that gas-rich, non-nucleated dwarfs
can be transformed into nucleated ones as a result of dissipative gas dynamics
in their central regions. We discuss the origin of the observed correlations
between physical properties of stellar galactic nuclei and those of their host
galaxies.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures (1 color), ApJL in pres
Mn L edge resonant x-ray scattering in manganites: Influence of the magnetic state
We present an analysis of the dependence of the resonant orbital order and
magnetic scattering spectra on the spin configuration. We consider an arbitrary
spin direction with respect to the local crystal field axis, thus lowering
significantly the local symmetry. To evaluate the atomic scattering in this
case, we generalized the Hannon-Trammel formula and implemented it inside the
framework of atomic multiplet calculations in a crystal field. For an
illustration, we calculate the magnetic and orbital scattering in the CE phase
of \lsmo in the cases when the spins are aligned with the crystal lattice
vector (or equivalently ) and when they are rotated in the
-plane by 45 with respect to this axis. Magnetic spectra differ
for the two cases. For the orbital scattering, we show that for the former
configuration there is a non negligible ()
scattering component, which vanishes in the 45 case, while the () components are similar in the two cases. From the
consideration of two 90 spin canted structures, we conclude there is a
significant dependence of the orbital scattering spectra on the spin
arrangement. Recent experiments detected a sudden decrease of the orbital
scattering intensity upon increasing the temperature above the N\' eel
temperature in \lsmo. We discuss this behavior considering the effect of
different types of misorientations of the spins on the orbital scattering
spectrum.Comment: 8 figures. In the revised version, we added a note, a reference, and
a few minor changes in Figure 1 and the text. Accepted in Physical Review
The Dwarf Galaxy Population of the Dorado group down to Mv=-11
We present V and I CCD photometry of suspected low-surface brightness dwarf
galaxies detected in a survey covering ~2.4 deg^2 around the central region of
the Dorado group of galaxies. The low-surface brightness galaxies were chosen
based on their sizes and magnitudes at the limiting isophote of 26.0V\mu. The
selected galaxies have magnitudes brighter than V=20 (Mv=-11 for an assumed
distance to the group of 17.2 Mpc), with central surface brightnesses \mu0>22.5
V mag/arcsec^2, scale lengths h>2'', and diameters > 14'' at the limiting
isophote. Using these criteria, we identified 69 dwarf galaxy candidates. Four
of them are large very low-surface brightness galaxies that were detected on a
smoothed image, after masking high surface brightness objects. Monte Carlo
simulations performed to estimate completeness, photometric uncertainties and
to evaluate our ability to detect extended low-surface brightness galaxies show
that the completeness fraction is, on average, > 80% for dwarf galaxies with
and 22.5<\mu0<25.5 V mag/arcsec^2, for the range of sizes
considered by us (D>14''). The V-I colors of the dwarf candidates vary from
-0.3 to 2.3 with a peak on V-I=0.98, suggesting a range of different stellar
populations in these galaxies. The projected surface density of the dwarf
galaxies shows a concentration towards the group center similar in extent to
that found around five X-ray groups and the elliptical galaxy NGC1132 studied
by Mulchaey and Zabludoff (1999), suggesting that the dwarf galaxies in Dorado
are probably physically associated with the overall potential well of the
group.Comment: 32 pages, 16 postscript figures and 3 figures in GIF format, aastex
v5.0. To appear in The Astronomical Journal, January 200
Virgo cluster early-type dwarf galaxies with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. II. Early-type dwarfs with central star formation
Despite the common picture of an early-type dwarf (dE) as a quiescent galaxy
with no star formation and little gas, we identify 23 dEs that have blue
central colors caused by recent or ongoing star formation in our sample of 476
Virgo cluster dEs. In addition, 14 objects that were mostly classified as
(candidate) BCDs have similar properties. Among the certain cluster members,
the dEs with blue centers reach a fraction of more than 15% of the dE
population at brighter (B<=16) magnitudes. A spectral analysis of the centers
of 16 galaxies reveals in all cases an underlying old population that dominates
the mass, with M(old)>=90% for all but one object. Therefore the majority of
these galaxies will appear like ordinary dEs within ~one Gigayear or less after
the last episode of star formation. Their overall gas content is less than that
of dwarf irregular galaxies, but higher than that of ordinary dEs. Their
flattening distribution suggests the shape of a thick disk, similar to what has
been found for dEs with disk features in Paper I of this series. Their
projected spatial distribution shows no central clustering, and their
distribution with projected local density follows that of irregular galaxies,
indicative of an unrelaxed population. This is corroborated by their velocity
distribution, which displays two side peaks characteristic of recent infall. We
discuss possible formation mechanisms (ram-pressure stripping, tidally induced
star formation, harassment) that might be able to explain both the disk shape
and the central star formation of the dEs with blue centers.Comment: 16 pages + 15 figures. Accepted for publication in AJ. We recommend
downloading the full resolution version from
http://www.virgo-cluster.com/lisker2006b.ps.g
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