Survey on electric and magnetic fields hp and Lenovo laptops in the vicinity of internet-connected smart phones

Nowadays exposure to electromagnetic fields, emitted from electronic devices, especially laptops and mobile phones is inevitable due to their portability. Exposure to electromagnetic fields causes harmful effects on human health. Today, most people are exposed to these fields while using their mobiles or laptops. In this cross-sectional study, the electric and magnetic fields of HP and Lenovo laptops are measured in the vicinity of 3G internet-connected Samsung smart phones at a distance of 30 and 45 cm in front of laptops. The mean electric field in the vicinity of the smartphone at a distance of 30 cm for HP and Lenovo laptops was 0.11v/m and 0.06 v/m and the mean magnetic field was 1.69 mG and 1.43 mG, respectively. The domain of electric and magnetic fields were ND-0.17 v/m and 0.3-2.4 mG, respectively. The mean electric field for HP and Lenovo laptops in the vicinity of the smartphone, at a distance of 45 cm, was 0.10 v/m and 0.06 v/m, respectively and the mean magnetic field was 1.32 mG and 1.16 mG. The mean of SAR, for HP and Lenovo laptops, in the vicinity of mobile phones, at a distance of 30 cm was 19×10-6w/kgand 5×10-6w/kg and at a distance of45 cm, was 17×10-6w/kgand 5×10-6w/kg. The Electric and magnetic field as well as SAR were less than standard. HP laptops magnetic field was significantly more than the Lenovo laptops. Unlike Lenovo laptops, electric and magnetic fields of HP laptops, in the vicinity of mobile phones, was significantly higher than the absence of mobile phones. Putting the internet-connected smart phones in the vicinity of HP laptops (significantly) and Lenovo laptops (insignificantly) increases the of electric and magnetic fields. © 2016, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved

Photosensitive Bent Core Liquid Crystal for Optical Storage Devices

The amount of information produced annually is exponential in growth. Currently available magneto-optical materials have reached their storage buffer due to physical limitations imposed by the superparamagnetic effect and will not be able to meet future storage requirements. The simple fact is that present optical storage technology suffers from an absence of functional organic materials that apply to the next generation of commercially available laser diodes (Nichia blue lasers, 400 - 500 nm). Although 'Blu-Ray' DVD technology has arrived with storage capacities ranging from 27-54 GB(operating at 405 nm with 0.85NA), the materials are still to be optimised. Higher storage densities of up to 80 GB may be achieved by depositing several layers of a material which is not ideal due to loss of resolution. An ideal material is yet to be realised. In addition, the future will demand a shift to even shorter wavelengths such as UV so that even higher capacities may be managed. Moreover cost is the main area of concern and it is necessary to further develop the materials in this direction. In recent years, a field of research that is growing steadily is that of photo induced phenomenon, in which the incident light itself brings about molecular ordering/ disordering of the liquid- crystalline system. This particular aspect of photonics, in which light can be controlled by light as a stimulus, is being proposed as the future technology for high-speed information processing [1-2]. Azobenzene undergoes trans → cis isomerization when irradiated with light tuned to an appropriate wavelength. The reverse cis → trans isomerization can be driven by light or occurs thermally in the dark. Azobenzene's photochromatic properties make it an ideal component of numerous molecular devices and functional materials. Despite the abundance of application-driven research, azobenzene photochemistry and the isomerization mechanism remain topics of investigation[3]. In this report photoisomerization studies were performed on in house prepared anisotropic molecule exhibiting bent core system. It is showing liquid crystalline phases, namely nematic and smectic phase. The photo-switching property of bent core was investigated in chloroform using UV/visible spectroscopy in the absence and in the presence of UV light illumination with 365 nm wavelength passing through heat filter to avoid possible heat raditation which might cause the changes in the system. Compound was illuminated which leads to the E isomer being transformed into the Z isomer. After ∼20 s illumination, there is no change in the absorption spectrum which confirms the photosaturation of the E/Z isomerization process, The reverse transformation from Z to E can be brought by two methods, one by keeping the solution in dark and other by shining white light of higher wavelength. The earlier process is well known as thermal back relaxation

Evaluation the concentration of mercury, zinc, arsenic, lead and cobalt in the Ilam city water supply network and resources

Background: The presence of heavy metals in water resources above threshold levels can be toxic and carcinogenic for consumers. This study determined the concentrations of heavy metals in the drinking water distribution network and resources of the city of Ilam in Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study from 6 sources of water supply and also, different parts of the water supply system of Ilam city, samples were collected based on standard sampling methods. The samples were tested with a BRAIC atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The data was analyzed using nonparametric Mann-Whitney test. Results: The concentration of zinc in all water sources of the city of Ilam was higher than WHO guidelines and Iranian standard 1053. Contamination by cobalt, arsenic and lead from Ilam dam, Pich-e Ashoori well and Haft Cheshmeh well was higher than national and international standards. The amount of cobalt and mercury at Ilam dam was significantly different from the levels at other sources (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The use of pesticides in the agricultural sector, contamination of water by human waste and aged and worn water pipes are the likely sources of the increased concentrations of heavy metals, especially lead and arsenic. Because there is a cumulative effect from these metals, appropriate measures are necessary by the relevant agencies to address this problem

Assessment of concentration of radon 222 and effective dose; Bandar Abbas city (Iran) citizens exposed through drinking tap water

Radon 222 is a natural radioactive element with 3.825 days half-life. 222Rnis colorless and odorless with high solubility in water. The presence of 222Rnin drinking water can lead to lung or stomach cancers through chronic exposure per inhalation or ingestion. Different age groups have different sensitivity to the health effects of 222Radon. In this cross-sectional study, the concentration of 222Rnin the 8 regions of Bandar Abbas city in 48 samples of tap water was measured by portable Radon meter RTM1688-2 model on June 2015. The effective dose by tap water was also calculated in different age groups through UNSCEAR equation. The range and mean concentration of 222Rnis 0.87-0.384 Bq/l and 0.232±0.7 Bq/l, respectively. The mean of the effective dose of exposure for the age groups was 0.0024±0.0007, 0.0018±0.0005, 0.0007±0.0002 and 0.001±0.0003 m Sv/y, respectively for adult males, adult females, children and infants. The magnitude’s order of measured doses of studied age groups was: adult males&gt;adult females&gt;infants&gt;children. The effective doses, ingested by all groups, are less than the standard limits particularly for children (p value&lt;0.001).The results of this research shows that 222Rn concentration in the tap water of Bandar Abbas city is lower than WHO, EU and EPA standard limits (p value&lt;0.001). Also the effective 222Rn doses in the all age groups are much lower than standard limits. Given the daily high consumption of water, adult males between the Bandar Abbas citizens showed the highest sensitivity to the 222Rn health hazard. © 2016, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved

Effects of Electromagnetic Wave from Mobile Phones on Human Sperm Motility and Viability: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nowadays humans are constantly exposed to electromagnetic wave (EMW), especially mobile phone. Recently concerns about the potential risks of EMW it's increasing. A possible risk of the EMW is adverse effect on human semen quality. In this study, it was tried to do meta-analysis on the results obtaining the evaluation of sperm quality (motility and viability) after in vitro exposure to EMW of mobile phone. We carried out a Systematic Review in databases of ISI, Pubmed, Scopus, Ovid, Embase and VIP till December 2015. Then was performed meta-analysis of data extracted by comprehensive meta-analysis 2.2 software. Finally, 10 studies 8: sperm motility (17 subgroups), 6: sperm viability (6 subgroups) were reviewed and meta-analysis was done. The percentage ranges of sperm motility in the unexposed and exposed samples were 17.70 +/- 10.9% to 87.20 +/- 7.32% and 18.40 +/- 11.90% to 87.5 +/- 8.57%, respectively. The mean differences for sperm motility and heterogeneity were REM:-4.57; CI(-7.11 to 2.03) and I-2=69.38%; rho(heterogeneity) <0.001, respectively. The percentage range of sperm viability in the unexposed and exposed samples were 50.78 +/- 5.98% to 90.9 +/- 3.7% and 48.43 +/- 13.99 to 90.4 +/- 4.1% respectively and for sperm viability, the mean differences for sperm motility and heterogeneity were REM-1.19; CI (-2.04 to -0.34) and I-2 = 96.9%; rho(heterogeneity) <0.001, respectively. Exposure to EMW of mobile phone decreased significantly sperm motility and sperm viability decreased but not-significantly. Results of this study supported the negative effects of EMW of mobile phone on the sperm motilit

Association between tea consumption with risk of type 2 diabetes; Systematic review and meta-analysis of 14 cohort studies update to June 2016

The prevalence of the metabolic disease of diabetes type 2 is increasing day by day. A part of this increasing trend is related to environmental factors such as dietary habits. In various studies, contradictory results regarding the effects of tea consumption on the risk of diabetes type 2 have been observed. Therefore, by a systematic review of databases SID, Irandoc, Scopus, Pubmed and ISI Web of Science and meta-analysis of data, in this article we tried to investigate the relationship between the tea consumption and diabetes type 2. In general, from between 12 articles 14 cohort studies meta-analyzed in the range of 2004 to 2015. All participants and their mean age were respectively 94 248 participants (36,653 patients and 589,783 control) and 57.3 year. The studies of >1 cup per day and ≥4 cup per day are of low heterogeneity and 1-3 cup per day is of high heterogeneity. The mean of risk ratio was as follows: >1 cup: FEM = 0.99; 95 CI (0.95- 1.03), 1-3 cup per day: REM = 0.98, 95 CI (0.94-1.02), ≥4 cup per day: FEM = 0.94; 95 CI (0.86-1.02). In general, FEM= 0.98, 95 CI (0.95-1.01). Consumption of ≥4 cup per day in relation to per day >1 cup and 1-3 cup per day decreases the risk of diabetes non-significantly 6. The results of this study supported the reduction of risk of diabetes type 2 due to consumption of tea. © 2016, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved