On pairs of rr-primitive and kk-normal elements with prescribed traces over finite fields

Given $\mathbb{F}_{q^{n}}$, a field with $q^n$ elements, where $q$ is a prime power, $n$ is positive integer. For $r \in \mathbb{N}$, $k \in \mathbb{N} \cup \{ 0 \}$, an element $\epsilon \in \mathbb{F}_{q^n}$ is said to be $r$-primitive if its multiplicative order is $\frac{q^n -1}{r}$ and it is referred to as $k$-normal if the greatest common divisor of the polynomial $\sum_{i=0}^{n-1} \epsilon^{q^i} x^{n-1-i}$ with $x^n -1$ has degree $k$ in $\mathbb{F}_{q^n}[x]$. In this article, for $r_1,r_2 ,m_1,m_2 \in \mathbb{N}$, $k_1,k_2 \in \mathbb{N}\cup \{0\}$, a rational function $F = \frac{F_1}{F_2}$ in $\mathbb{F}_{q}[x]$ with deg($F_i$) $\leq m_i$; $i=1,2,$ satisfying some conditions, and $a,b \in \mathbb{F}_{q}$, we construct a sufficient condition on $(q,n)$ which guarantees the existence of an $r_1$-primitive, $k_1$-normal element $\epsilon \in \mathbb{F}_{q^n}$ such that $F(\epsilon)$ is $r_2$-primitive, $k_2$-normal with $\operatorname{Tr}_{\mathbb{F}_{q^n}/\mathbb{F}_q}(\epsilon) = a$ and $\operatorname{Tr}_{\mathbb{F}_{q^n}/\mathbb{F}_q}(\epsilon^{-1}) = b$. Further, for $m_1=10 , m_2=11$, we demonstrate an example showing the existence of 3-primitive, 2-normal element $\epsilon$ in $\mathbb{F}_{q^n}$ such that $F(\epsilon)$ is 2-primitive, 1-normal with $\operatorname{Tr}_{\mathbb{F}_{q^n}/\mathbb{F}_q}(\epsilon)=a$ and $\operatorname{Tr}_{\mathbb{F}_{q^n}/\mathbb{F}_q}(\epsilon^{-1})$ $=b$ for any prescribed $a,b \in \mathbb{F}_{q}$ except from possible 10 values of $(q,n)$ in field of characteristics 13

Implant Prophylaxis: The Next Best Practice Toward Asepsis in Spine Surgery.

Study designA literature review.ObjectivesAn evaluation of the contaminants prevalent on implants used for surgery and the aseptic methods being employed against them.MethodsPubMed was searched for articles published between 2000 and 2017 for studies evaluating the contaminants present on spine implants, and associated pre- and intraoperative implant processing and handling methodology suggested to avoid them. Systematic reviews, observational studies, bench-top studies, and expert opinions were included.ResultsEleven studies were identified whose major focus was the asepsis of implants to reduce the incidence of surgical site infection incidences during surgery. These studies measured the colony forming units of bacteria on sterilized implants and/or gloves from the surgeon, scrub nurse, and assistants, as well as reductions of surgical site infection rates in spine surgery due to changes in implant handling techniques. Additionally, the search included assessments of endotoxins and carbohydrates present on reprocessed implants. The suggested changes to surgical practice based on these studies included handling implants with only fresh gloves, keeping implants covered until the immediate time of use, reducing operating room traffic, avoiding reprocessing of implants (ie, providing terminally sterilized implants), and avoiding touching the implants altogether.ConclusionsBoth reprocessing (preoperative) and handling (intraoperative) of implants seem to lead to contamination of sterilized implants. Using a terminally sterilized device may mitigate reprocessing (preoperative implant prophylaxis), whereas the use of fresh gloves for handling each implant and/or a permanent shielding technique (intraoperative implant prophylaxis) could potentially avoid recontamination at the theatre

Paraquat poisoning-a dreadful and lethal poisoning: a case report of two cases from East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, India

Paraquat, a bipyridyl compound is used as a contact herbicide. It is a highly lethal compound with high mortality rates in cases of intentional ingestion for suicidal purpose. Although widely used in East Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh, India, cases of poisoning with this herbicide have been rarely reported from this region. This compound affects the lungs (leading to pulmonary fibrosis) and the kidney (leading to Acute Kidney Injury) the most. Ingestion of small quantities can cause death and lack of a specific antidote and specific treatment guidelines makes it a dreadful and lethal poison. We report two cases of suicidal ingestion of Paraquat which presented to the emergency department of KIMS and RF hospital, Amalapuram, East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India

Reciprocating Reversible Front Wheel Drive Incorporated in a Trike

With growing time, there are upcoming new technologies related to driving mechanisms but indeed led to massive emissions and violation of nature laws. Oil consumption is going high and nearly half of the world oil consumption is through automotive sector. Thus there is need for some source, by which we can prevent our nature. This could be done via various methods. One such is- encouraging the use of hybrid trikes. Generally tricycles are less preferred by humans because they require more human effort, they cannot be reversed, doesn't provide the comfortability, rollover stability is less and are slow in speed. Thus this segment aims at developing a reciprocating reversible drive mechanism in a three wheeler trike which has not been incorporated till now and brings out various advantages. Viewing into the context of INDIA, one cannot drive any vehicle without reversing, thus this mechanism allows a vehicle to be reversed and further, it also reduces the human effort required for the vehicle to move (initial torque increases). This hybrid vehicle allows, increasing the speed of vehicle and making it an all- wheel drive. Further suspension system is incorporated such that the full frame is suspended and provides at-par comfortability and excellent rollover stability to the vehicle. Other advantages include low maintenance cost, always in running condition, cheap in price and one of its kinds when it comes to eco -friendly vehicle

Fruit Grade Classification and Disease Detection using Deep Learning Techniques

Ensuring optimal food quality and agricultural productivity hinges on effective fruit quality assessment and disease detection. Introducing a comprehensive strategy employing deep learning techniques to address critical aspects of fruit quality assessment and disease detection in agriculture. The methodology is structured into two distinct phases, each designed to optimize the accuracy and efficiency of the overall system. In the initial phase, image acquisition, preprocessing, and precise Region of Interest (ROI) detection using the Expectation-Maximization (EM) method lay the foundation for fruit classification with the AlexNet architecture. Rigorous training and testing procedures ensure the model's efficacy. The subsequent phase extends the initial process, with a heightened focus on feature extraction facilitated by DenseNet201. Thorough performance analysis, incorporating multiple metrics, assesses the accuracy and effectiveness of the system. This framework aspires to establish a robust solution for automated fruit grading and disease detection. By harnessing the capabilities of deep learning models, the goal is to accurately classify fruits and identify potential diseases, contributing significantly to agricultural practices and food quality management. The anticipated outcomes aim to set the groundwork for future advancements in the agricultural sector, providing a technological solution that enhances efficiency in fruit quality assessment and disease detection, ultimately benefiting food quality and crop yield

Radio Frequency Magneto-Optical Trapping of CaF with High Density

We demonstrate significantly improved magneto-optical trapping of molecules using a very slow cryogenic beam source and RF modulated and DC magnetic fields. The RF MOT confines $1.1(3) \times 10^5$ CaF molecules at a density of $4(1) \times 10^6$ cm$^{-3}$, which is an order of magnitude greater than previous molecular MOTs. Near Doppler-limited temperatures of $340(20)$ $\mu$K are attained. The achieved density enables future work to directly load optical tweezers and create optical arrays for quantum simulation.Comment: 5 Pages, 4 Figure

Pregnancy related lumbo-pelvic pain: a prevalence study in a tertiary institute in Pondicherry, India

Background: Pregnancy related low lumbo- pelvic pain (PLPP) is a common complaint that occurs in 60-70% of pregnancies. It can begin at any point during pregnancy. Although most cases are mild, approximately one third of women experience severe pain. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of PLPP among antenatal mothers in a tertiary care institute in Pondicherry, India and assess the disability caused therein.Methods: 202 consecutive pregnant women screened for PLPP in the antenatal clinic in Aarupadi Veedu Medical College Hospital Pondicherry, India by questionnaire and assessment of lumbar spine by Mckenzie protocol 2003 and pelvis by specific physical examination for evaluation of low back ache. 31 women had low back ache out of 202 who took part in screening procedure in the antenatal clinic at tertiary care institute to study the point prevalence in the given population disability was assessed by Oswestry disability index scoring questionnaire.Results: Prevalence of PLPP was as low as 15.35% compared to an average of 45% in European studies. PLBP was the dominant clinical pattern 54.84%, PLPP plus PPGP combined was 41.94% and PPGP was a very rare pattern 3.23% Oswestry disability index (ODI) in this study suggests scores upto 30 (mild to moderately disability).Conclusions: PLPP is a disabling palpable clinical problem less recognised in India and most often dismissed as part of pregnancy. Sensitization of obstetrician and the orthopaedician to interact in a multidisciplinary approach would address the problem effectively