9,752 research outputs found
The âDemand Sideâ of Transnational Bribery and Corruption: Why Leveling the Playing Field on the Supply Side Isnât Enough
The domestic and international legal framework for combating bribery and corruption (âABC lawsâ), including both private and public corrupt practices that are transnational (cross border) in character, has dramatically expanded over the last twenty years. Despite these developments, major gaps remain. This Article examines one of the largest systemic gaps: the absence of effective tools to control the demand side of transnational bribery and corruptionâthe corrupt solicitation of a benefitâespecially when it involves a public official
Electrodynamics of superconductors
An alternate set of equations to describe the electrodynamics of
superconductors at a macroscopic level is proposed. These equations resemble
equations originally proposed by the London brothers but later discarded by
them. Unlike the conventional London equations the alternate equations are
relativistically covariant, and they can be understood as arising from the
'rigidity' of the superfluid wave function in a relativistically covariant
microscopic theory. They predict that an internal 'spontaneous' electric field
exists in superconductors, and that externally applied electric fields, both
longitudinal and transverse, are screened over a London penetration length, as
magnetic fields are. The associated longitudinal dielectric function predicts a
much steeper plasmon dispersion relation than the conventional theory, and a
blue shift of the minimum plasmon frequency for small samples. It is argued
that the conventional London equations lead to difficulties that are removed in
the present theory, and that the proposed equations do not contradict any known
experimental facts. Experimental tests are discussed.Comment: Small changes following referee's and editor's comments; to be
published in Phys.Rev.
Probing New Physics via an Angular Analysis of B --> V1 V2 decays
We show that an angular analysis of B --> V1 V2 decays yields numerous tests
for new physics in the decay amplitudes. Unlike direct CP asymmetries, many of
these new-physics observables are nonzero even if the strong phase differences
vanish. For certain observables, neither time-dependent measurements nor
tagging is necessary. Should a signal for new physics be found, one can place a
lower limit on the size of the new-physics parameters, as well as on their
effect on the measurement of the phase of B0--Bbar0 mixing.Comment: 9 pages, plain latex, no figures. Title modified slightly. Paragraph
added about viability of method. Conclusions unchanged. To be published in
Europhysics Letter
Vitamin K catabolite inhibition of ovariectomy-induced bone loss: Structureâactivity relationship considerations
The potential benefit of vitamin K as a therapeutic in osteoporosis is controversial and the vitamin K regimen being used clinically (45 mg/day) employs doses that are many times higher than required to ensure maximal gammaâcarboxylation of the vitamin Kâdependent bone proteins. We therefore tested the hypothesis that vitamin K catabolites, 5âcarbon (CAN5C) and 7âcarbon carboxylic acid (CAN7C) aliphatic sideâchain derivatives of the naphthoquinone moiety exert an osteotrophic role consistent with the treatment of osteoporosis
The two-fluid model with superfluid entropy
The two-fluid model of liquid helium is generalized to the case that the
superfluid fraction has a small entropy content. We present theoretical
arguments in favour of such a small superfluid entropy. In the generalized
two-fluid model various sound modes of HeII are investigated. In a
superleak carrying a persistent current the superfluid entropy leads to a new
sound mode which we call sixth sound. The relation between the sixth sound and
the superfluid entropy is discussed in detail.Comment: 22 pages, latex, published in Nuovo Cimento 16 D (1994) 37
Nonclassical rotational behavior at the vicinity of the lamda point
The rotational property of a quantum liquid at the vicinity of the lambda
point is examined. In a liquid helium 4 just above the lambda point, under the
strong influence of Bose statistics, the coherent many-body wave function grows
to an intermediate size between a macroscopic and a microscopic one, which is
of a different nature from the thermal fluctuations. It must reflect in the
rotational properties such as the moment of inertia. Beginning with the bosons
without the condensate, we make a perturbation calculation of its
susceptibility with respect to the repulsive interaction, and examine how, with
decreasing temperature, the growth of the coherent wave function gradually
changes the rotational behavior of a liquid:The moment of inertia slightly
decreases just above the lambda point. This means that at the vicinity of the
lambda point, the mechanical superfluid density does not always agree with the
thermodynamical one.We compare the result to the experiment by Hess and
Fairbank. A new interpretation of the shear viscosity just above the lambda
point is given from this viewpoint.Comment: 12pages, 5figure
Extracting Weak Phase Information from B -> V_1 V_2 Decays
We describe a new method for extracting weak, CP-violating phase information,
with no hadronic uncertainties, from an angular analysis of B -> V_1 V_2
decays, where V_1 and V_2 are vector mesons. The quantity can be cleanly obtained from the study of decays such as B_d^0(t) ->
D^{*\pm} \rho^\mp, D^{*\pm} a_1^{\mp}, D^{*0} K^{*0}, etc. Similarly, one can
use B_s^0(t) -> D_s^{*\pm} K^{*\mp} to extract . There are no
penguin contributions to these decays. It is possible that will be the second function of CP phases, after , to be
measured at B-factories.Comment: 4 pages, RevTeX, no figure
Exploring CP Violation with B_d -> D K_s Decays
We (re)examine CP violation in the decays B_d -> D K_s, where D represents
D^0, D(bar), or one of their excited states. The quantity can be extracted from the time-dependent rates for and , where the decays to
. If one considers a non-CP-eigenstate hadronic final state to
which both D(bar) and D^0 can decay (e.g. ), then one can obtain two
of the angles of the unitarity triangle from measurements of the time-dependent
rates for and .
There are no penguin contributions to these decays, so all measurements are
theoretically clean.Comment: 15 pages, LaTeX, no figure
Observables in the Decays of B to Two Vector Mesons
In general there are nine observables in the decay of a B meson to two vector
mesons defined in terms of polarization correlations of these mesons. Only six
of these can be detected via the subsequent decay angular distributions because
of parity conservation in those decays. The remaining three require the
measurement of the spin polarization of one of the decay products.Comment: 12 pages, no figur
Vibration and loads in hingeless rotors. Volume 2: Experimental data
Descriptions, geometry, and technical data covering three rotor systems are presented. Tables of experimental data gathered during wind tunnel testing of two of the systems are included. Both analyzed experimental data, ready for comparison with theory, and the basic reduced data from which they were obtained are reported
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