73 research outputs found
Photon Polarization Precession Spectroscopy for High-Resolution Studies of Spinwaves
A new type of spectroscopy for high-resolution studies of spin waves that
relies on resonant scattering of hard x-rays is introduced. The energy transfer
in the scattering process is encoded in the precession of the polarization
vector of the scattered photons. Thus, the energy resolution of such a
spectroscopy is independent of the bandwidth of the probing radiation. The
measured quantity resembles the intermediate scattering function of the
magnetic excitations in the sample. At pulsed x-ray sources, especially x-ray
lasers, the proposed technique allows to take single-shot spectra of the
magnetic dynamics. The method opens new avenues to study low-energy
non-equilibrium magnetic processes in a pump-probe setup.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
Bottom-up fabrication of highly ordered metal nanostructures by hierarchical self-assembly
In a hierarchical nanopatterning routine relying exclusively on self-assembly
processes we combine crystal surface reconstruction, microphase separation of
copolymers, and selective metal diffusion to produce monodisperse metal
nanostructures in highly regular arrays covering areas of square centimeters.
In-situ GISAXS during Fe nanostructure formation evidences the outstanding
structural order in the self-assembling system and hints at possibilities of
sculpting nanostructures by external process parameters. Thus, we demonstrate
that nanopatterning via self-assembly is a competitive alternative to
lithography-based routines, achieving comparable pattern regularity, feature
size, and patterned areas with considerably reduced effort. The option for
in-situ investigations during pattern formation, the possibility of customizing
the nanostructure morphology, the capacity to pattern arbitrarily large areas
with ultra-high structure densities, and the potential of addressing the
nanostructures individually enable numerous applications, e.g., in high-density
magnetic data storage, in functional nanostructured materials, e.g., for
photonics or catalysis, or in sensing based on surface plasmon resonances.Comment: 21 pages, 9 figures, 1 tabl
Nuclear resonant surface diffraction
Nuclear resonant x-ray diffraction in grazing incidence geometry is used to
determine the lateral magnetic configuration in a one-dimensional lattice of
ferromagnetic nanostripes. During magnetic reversal, strong nuclear
superstructure diffraction peaks appear in addition to the electronic ones due
to an antiferromagnetic order in the nanostripe lattice. We show that the
analysis of the angular distribution of the resonantly diffracted x-rays
together with the time-dependence of the coherently diffracted nuclear signal
reveals surface spin structures with very high sensitivity. This novel
scattering technique provides a unique access to laterally correlated spin
configurations in magnetically ordered nanostructures and, in perspective, also
to their dynamics
Spin precession mapping at ferromagnetic resonance via nuclear resonant scattering
We probe the spin dynamics in a thin magnetic film at ferromagnetic resonance
by nuclear resonant scattering of synchrotron radiation at the 14.4 keV
resonance of Fe. The precession of the magnetization leads to an
apparent reduction of the magnetic hyperfine field acting at the Fe
nuclei. The spin dynamics is described in a stochastic relaxation model adapted
to the ferromagnetic resonance theory by Smit and Beljers to model the decay of
the excited nuclear state. From the fits of the measured data the shape of the
precession cone of the spins is determined. Our results open a new perspective
to determine magnetization dynamics in layered structures with very high depth
resolution by employing ultrathin isotopic probe layers
Scientific Opportunities with an X-ray Free-Electron Laser Oscillator
An X-ray free-electron laser oscillator (XFELO) is a new type of hard X-ray
source that would produce fully coherent pulses with meV bandwidth and stable
intensity. The XFELO complements existing sources based on self-amplified
spontaneous emission (SASE) from high-gain X-ray free-electron lasers (XFEL)
that produce ultra-short pulses with broad-band chaotic spectra. This report is
based on discussions of scientific opportunities enabled by an XFELO during a
workshop held at SLAC on June 29 - July 1, 2016Comment: 21 pages, 12 figure
Quantum Imaging with Incoherently Scattered Light from a Free-Electron Laser
The advent of accelerator-driven free-electron lasers (FEL) has opened new
avenues for high-resolution structure determination via diffraction methods
that go far beyond conventional x-ray crystallography methods. These techniques
rely on coherent scattering processes that require the maintenance of
first-order coherence of the radiation field throughout the imaging procedure.
Here we show that higher-order degrees of coherence, displayed in the intensity
correlations of incoherently scattered x-rays from an FEL, can be used to image
two-dimensional objects with a spatial resolution close to or even below the
Abbe limit. This constitutes a new approach towards structure determination
based on incoherent processes, including Compton scattering, fluorescence
emission or wavefront distortions, generally considered detrimental for imaging
applications. Our method is an extension of the landmark intensity correlation
measurements of Hanbury Brown and Twiss to higher than second-order paving the
way towards determination of structure and dynamics of matter in regimes where
coherent imaging methods have intrinsic limitations
Electronic Quantum Coherence in Glycine Molecules Probed with Ultrashort X-ray Pulses in Real Time
Structural changes in nature and technology are driven by charge carrier
motion. A process such as charge-directed reactivity that can be operational in
radiobiology is more efficient, if energy transfer and charge motion proceeds
along well-defined quantum mechanical pathways keeping the coherence and
minimizing dissipation. The open question is: do long-lived electronic quantum
coherences exist in complex molecules? Here, we use x-rays to create and
monitor electronic wave packets in the amino acid glycine. The outgoing
photoelectron wave leaves behind a positive charge formed by a superposition of
quantum mechanical eigenstates. Delayed x-ray pulses track the induced
electronic coherence through the photoelectron emission from the sequential
double photoionization processes. The observed sinusoidal modulation of the
detected electron yield as a function of time clearly demonstrates that
electronic quantum coherence is preserved for at least 25 femtoseconds in this
molecule of biological relevance. The surviving coherence is detected via the
dominant sequential double ionization channel, which is found to exhibit a
phase shift as a function of the photoelectron energy. The experimental results
agree with advanced ab-initio simulations.Comment: 54 pages, 11 figure
Nuclear condensed matter physics with synchrotron radiation: basic principles, methodology and applications
This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the growing field of nuclear condensed matter physics with synchrotron radiation, a technique which finds numerous applications in fields such as magnetism, physics of surfaces and interfaces, lattice dynamics and more. Due to the enormous brilliance of modern synchrotron radiation sources, the method is particularly suited for the investigation of low-dimensional structures such as thin films and nanoparticles. The use of isotopic probe layers, for example, allows one to determine magnetic and vibrational properties with very high spatial resolution; focusing techniques and x-ray interference effects lead to a very high sensitivity for smallest amounts of material. The book is written on an introductory level with many examples employed to illustrate the special experimental possibilities
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