Hydration, fluidity and strength development in Portland cement – influence of superplasticizers, alkali sulphates and set regulator

Eine zielführende Anwendung von Zusatzmitteln bei der Ausführung anspruchsvoller Betonbauten setzt einen hohen Kenntnisstand bezüglich der Wirkungsmechanismen und Interaktionen der einzelnen Betonkomponenten voraus. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden einige Aspekte der Zementhydratation in Abhängigkeit von der Fließmittelzugabe diskutiert. Im Ergebnis liefern die Teile eins und zwei der vorliegenden Arbeit einen Beitrag dazu, Veränderungen der Fließfähigkeit von Zementleim in Abhängigkeit der Zementhydratation und Fließmittelzugabe besser zu verstehen. Es konnte so z.B. gezeigt werden, dass Bildung langprismatischer Kristalle (z.B. Syngenit, Gips) die Fließfähigkeit von Zementleim und Beton vermindert. Infolge anhaltender Scherung von Zementleimen / Betonen mit langprismatischen Kristallen wird ein Zuwachs an Fließfähigkeit erzielt. Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen zeigen, dass dies darauf zurückzuführen ist, dass die Kristalle in eine Vorzugsorientierung relativ zur Scherbewegung rotieren. Weiterhin wurde der Mechanismus einer so genannten Zement-Fließmittel-Inkompatibilität aufgezeigt. Durch diese Erweiterung des Kenntnisstandes zum Einfluss von Fließmitteln auf die Zementhydratation ist es möglich der Zement-Fließmittel-Inkompatibilität durch gezielte Auswahl des Zementes vorzubeugen. Dabei ist besonders darauf zu achten, dass der Zement ein ausgewogenes Verhältnis an zur Reaktion zur Verfügung stehendem C3A und Menge / Löslichkeit des Abbindereglers besitzt. Fließmittel verändern nicht nur die Verarbeitungseigenschaften sondern auch die Festigkeit und Dauerhaftigkeit von Zementstein und Beton. Im dritten Teil der vorliegenden Arbeit wird daher der Einfluss der Fließmittel und deren verflüssigender Wirkung auf die Festigkeitsentwicklung von Zementstein und C3S untersucht. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass durch die dispergierende Wirkung der Fließmittel auch ohne Verminderung des Wasserzementwertes, eine Verdichtung des Zementsteingefüges erzielt werden kann. Es konnte weiterhin gezeigt werden, dass durch die Erhöhung der Partikelpackungsdichte am Anfang der Hydratation die Ausbildung der festigkeitsgebenden C-S-H Phasen verändert wird. Ein dichteres Verwachsen dieser nanostrukturierten C-S-H Phasen ermöglicht einen zusätzlichen Festigkeitszuwachs.The construction of sophisticated concrete buildings requires the pinpointed application of concrete additives. This requires a high level of knowledge concerning the interaction and mode of action of individual concrete components. The presented study aims to improve the understanding of the concrete components cement and superplasticizers. Main focus is laid on the influence of superplasticizers on cement hydration reactions and the consequences for cement and concrete performance characteristics (fluidity and strength). Results of parts one and two of the thesis reveal how the fluidity of cement paste is influenced by cement hydration and addition of superplasticizers. It is shown that the formation of long prismatic crystals like syngenite and gypsum decreases the fluidity of cement pastes and concrete. This decrease in fluidity is partly reversible if the suspension is continuously stirred. It was proven by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that this gain in fluidity is caused by the rotation of long prismatic crystals into a preferred orientation. Furthermore the cause of a cement-superplasticizers-incompatibility was identified. The knowledge of this mechanism is essential for a successful selection of cement type in combination with superplasticizers. Results showed that for an effective selection of polycarboxylate-type superplasticizer and cement, it is essential that the ratio of aluminate clinker phases (C3A) to the amount / solubility of set regulator is appropriate. Superplasticizers improve not only the fluidity but also the compressive strength of cement and concrete. The third part of the thesis shows how the liquefying action of superplasticizers influences the strength development of cement and C3S pastes. Thus it was shown that a densification of the cement microstructure is achieved by the superplasticizers dispersing action. The increased particle packing density caused by superplasticizers in the suspension state of cement pastes increases the intergrowth of strength determining C-S-H phases. This leads to an increase in compressive strength without diminishing the water to cement ratio

A python tool to determine the thickness of the hydrate layer around clinker grains using SEM-BSE images

To accurately simulate the hydration process of cementitious materials, understanding the growth rate of C-S-H layers around clinker grains is crucial. Nonetheless, the thickness of the hydrate layer shows substantial variation around individual grains, depending on their surrounding. Consequently, it is not feasible to measure hydrate layers manually in a reliable and reproducible manner. To address this challenge, a software has been developed to statistically determine the C-S-H thickness, requiring minimal manual interventions for thresholding and for setting limits like particle size or circularity. This study presents a tool, which automatically identifies suitable clinker grains and and perform statistical measurements of their hydrate layer up to a specimen age of 28 days. The findings reveal a significant increase in the C-S-H layer, starting from 0.45 micrometer after 1 day and reaching 3.04 micrometer after 28 days. However, for older specimens, the measurement of the C-S-H layer was not feasible due to limited pore space and clinker grains.Comment: Paper for the 19th Euroseminar on Microscopy Applied to Building Materials in a special issue, 7 pages, 5 figures, 2 table

C-S-H Pore Size Characterization Via a Combined Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Surface Relaxivity Calibration.

A new method for the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) surface relaxivity calibration in hydrated cement samples is proposed. This method relies on a combined analysis of 28-d hydrated tricalcium silicate samples by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image analysis and 1H-time-domain (TD)-NMR relaxometry. Pore surface and volume data for interhydrate pores are obtained from high resolution SEM images on surfaces obtained by argon broad ion beam sectioning. These data are combined with T2 relaxation times from 1H-TD-NMR to calculate the systems surface relaxivity according to the fast exchange model of relaxation. This new method is compared to an alternative method that employs sequential drying to calibrate the systems surface relaxivity

Human Practice. Digital Ecologies. Our Future. : 14. Internationale Tagung Wirtschaftsinformatik (WI 2019) : Tagungsband

Erschienen bei: universi - Universitätsverlag Siegen. - ISBN: 978-3-96182-063-4Aus dem Inhalt: Track 1: Produktion & Cyber-Physische Systeme Requirements and a Meta Model for Exchanging Additive Manufacturing Capacities Service Systems, Smart Service Systems and Cyber- Physical Systems—What’s the difference? Towards a Unified Terminology Developing an Industrial IoT Platform – Trade-off between Horizontal and Vertical Approaches Machine Learning und Complex Event Processing: Effiziente Echtzeitauswertung am Beispiel Smart Factory Sensor retrofit for a coffee machine as condition monitoring and predictive maintenance use case Stakeholder-Analyse zum Einsatz IIoT-basierter Frischeinformationen in der Lebensmittelindustrie Towards a Framework for Predictive Maintenance Strategies in Mechanical Engineering - A Method-Oriented Literature Analysis Development of a matching platform for the requirement-oriented selection of cyber physical systems for SMEs Track 2: Logistic Analytics An Empirical Study of Customers’ Behavioral Intention to Use Ridepooling Services – An Extension of the Technology Acceptance Model Modeling Delay Propagation and Transmission in Railway Networks What is the impact of company specific adjustments on the acceptance and diffusion of logistic standards? Robust Route Planning in Intermodal Urban Traffic Track 3: Unternehmensmodellierung & Informationssystemgestaltung (Enterprise Modelling & Information Systems Design) Work System Modeling Method with Different Levels of Specificity and Rigor for Different Stakeholder Purposes Resolving Inconsistencies in Declarative Process Models based on Culpability Measurement Strategic Analysis in the Realm of Enterprise Modeling – On the Example of Blockchain-Based Initiatives for the Electricity Sector Zwischenbetriebliche Integration in der Möbelbranche: Konfigurationen und Einflussfaktoren Novices’ Quality Perceptions and the Acceptance of Process Modeling Grammars Entwicklung einer Definition für Social Business Objects (SBO) zur Modellierung von Unternehmensinformationen Designing a Reference Model for Digital Product Configurators Terminology for Evolving Design Artifacts Business Role-Object Specification: A Language for Behavior-aware Structural Modeling of Business Objects Generating Smart Glasses-based Information Systems with BPMN4SGA: A BPMN Extension for Smart Glasses Applications Using Blockchain in Peer-to-Peer Carsharing to Build Trust in the Sharing Economy Testing in Big Data: An Architecture Pattern for a Development Environment for Innovative, Integrated and Robust Applications Track 4: Lern- und Wissensmanagement (e-Learning and Knowledge Management) eGovernment Competences revisited – A Literature Review on necessary Competences in a Digitalized Public Sector Say Hello to Your New Automated Tutor – A Structured Literature Review on Pedagogical Conversational Agents Teaching the Digital Transformation of Business Processes: Design of a Simulation Game for Information Systems Education Conceptualizing Immersion for Individual Learning in Virtual Reality Designing a Flipped Classroom Course – a Process Model The Influence of Risk-Taking on Knowledge Exchange and Combination Gamified Feedback durch Avatare im Mobile Learning Alexa, Can You Help Me Solve That Problem? - Understanding the Value of Smart Personal Assistants as Tutors for Complex Problem Tasks Track 5: Data Science & Business Analytics Matching with Bundle Preferences: Tradeoff between Fairness and Truthfulness Applied image recognition: guidelines for using deep learning models in practice Yield Prognosis for the Agrarian Management of Vineyards using Deep Learning for Object Counting Reading Between the Lines of Qualitative Data – How to Detect Hidden Structure Based on Codes Online Auctions with Dual-Threshold Algorithms: An Experimental Study and Practical Evaluation Design Features of Non-Financial Reward Programs for Online Reviews: Evaluation based on Google Maps Data Topic Embeddings – A New Approach to Classify Very Short Documents Based on Predefined Topics Leveraging Unstructured Image Data for Product Quality Improvement Decision Support for Real Estate Investors: Improving Real Estate Valuation with 3D City Models and Points of Interest Knowledge Discovery from CVs: A Topic Modeling Procedure Online Product Descriptions – Boost for your Sales? Entscheidungsunterstützung durch historienbasierte Dienstreihenfolgeplanung mit Pattern A Semi-Automated Approach for Generating Online Review Templates Machine Learning goes Measure Management: Leveraging Anomaly Detection and Parts Search to Improve Product-Cost Optimization Bedeutung von Predictive Analytics für den theoretischen Erkenntnisgewinn in der IS-Forschung Track 6: Digitale Transformation und Dienstleistungen Heuristic Theorizing in Software Development: Deriving Design Principles for Smart Glasses-based Systems Mirroring E-service for Brick and Mortar Retail: An Assessment and Survey Taxonomy of Digital Platforms: A Platform Architecture Perspective Value of Star Players in the Digital Age Local Shopping Platforms – Harnessing Locational Advantages for the Digital Transformation of Local Retail Outlets: A Content Analysis A Socio-Technical Approach to Manage Analytics-as-a-Service – Results of an Action Design Research Project Characterizing Approaches to Digital Transformation: Development of a Taxonomy of Digital Units Expectations vs. Reality – Benefits of Smart Services in the Field of Tension between Industry and Science Innovation Networks and Digital Innovation: How Organizations Use Innovation Networks in a Digitized Environment Characterising Social Reading Platforms— A Taxonomy-Based Approach to Structure the Field Less Complex than Expected – What Really Drives IT Consulting Value Modularity Canvas – A Framework for Visualizing Potentials of Service Modularity Towards a Conceptualization of Capabilities for Innovating Business Models in the Industrial Internet of Things A Taxonomy of Barriers to Digital Transformation Ambidexterity in Service Innovation Research: A Systematic Literature Review Design and success factors of an online solution for cross-pillar pension information Track 7: IT-Management und -Strategie A Frugal Support Structure for New Software Implementations in SMEs How to Structure a Company-wide Adoption of Big Data Analytics The Changing Roles of Innovation Actors and Organizational Antecedents in the Digital Age Bewertung des Kundennutzens von Chatbots für den Einsatz im Servicedesk Understanding the Benefits of Agile Software Development in Regulated Environments Are Employees Following the Rules? On the Effectiveness of IT Consumerization Policies Agile and Attached: The Impact of Agile Practices on Agile Team Members’ Affective Organisational Commitment The Complexity Trap – Limits of IT Flexibility for Supporting Organizational Agility in Decentralized Organizations Platform Openness: A Systematic Literature Review and Avenues for Future Research Competence, Fashion and the Case of Blockchain The Digital Platform Otto.de: A Case Study of Growth, Complexity, and Generativity Track 8: eHealth & alternde Gesellschaft Security and Privacy of Personal Health Records in Cloud Computing Environments – An Experimental Exploration of the Impact of Storage Solutions and Data Breaches Patientenintegration durch Pfadsysteme Digitalisierung in der Stressprävention – eine qualitative Interviewstudie zu Nutzenpotenzialen User Dynamics in Mental Health Forums – A Sentiment Analysis Perspective Intent and the Use of Wearables in the Workplace – A Model Development Understanding Patient Pathways in the Context of Integrated Health Care Services - Implications from a Scoping Review Understanding the Habitual Use of Wearable Activity Trackers On the Fit in Fitness Apps: Studying the Interaction of Motivational Affordances and Users’ Goal Orientations in Affecting the Benefits Gained Gamification in Health Behavior Change Support Systems - A Synthesis of Unintended Side Effects Investigating the Influence of Information Incongruity on Trust-Relations within Trilateral Healthcare Settings Track 9: Krisen- und Kontinuitätsmanagement Potentiale von IKT beim Ausfall kritischer Infrastrukturen: Erwartungen, Informationsgewinnung und Mediennutzung der Zivilbevölkerung in Deutschland Fake News Perception in Germany: A Representative Study of People’s Attitudes and Approaches to Counteract Disinformation Analyzing the Potential of Graphical Building Information for Fire Emergency Responses: Findings from a Controlled Experiment Track 10: Human-Computer Interaction Towards a Taxonomy of Platforms for Conversational Agent Design Measuring Service Encounter Satisfaction with Customer Service Chatbots using Sentiment Analysis Self-Tracking and Gamification: Analyzing the Interplay of Motivations, Usage and Motivation Fulfillment Erfolgsfaktoren von Augmented-Reality-Applikationen: Analyse von Nutzerrezensionen mit dem Review-Mining-Verfahren Designing Dynamic Decision Support for Electronic Requirements Negotiations Who is Stressed by Using ICTs? A Qualitative Comparison Analysis with the Big Five Personality Traits to Understand Technostress Walking the Middle Path: How Medium Trade-Off Exposure Leads to Higher Consumer Satisfaction in Recommender Agents Theory-Based Affordances of Utilitarian, Hedonic and Dual-Purposed Technologies: A Literature Review Eliciting Customer Preferences for Shopping Companion Apps: A Service Quality Approach The Role of Early User Participation in Discovering Software – A Case Study from the Context of Smart Glasses The Fluidity of the Self-Concept as a Framework to Explain the Motivation to Play Video Games Heart over Heels? An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between Emotions and Review Helpfulness for Experience and Credence Goods Track 11: Information Security and Information Privacy Unfolding Concerns about Augmented Reality Technologies: A Qualitative Analysis of User Perceptions To (Psychologically) Own Data is to Protect Data: How Psychological Ownership Determines Protective Behavior in a Work and Private Context Understanding Data Protection Regulations from a Data Management Perspective: A Capability-Based Approach to EU-GDPR On the Difficulties of Incentivizing Online Privacy through Transparency: A Qualitative Survey of the German Health Insurance Market What is Your Selfie Worth? A Field Study on Individuals’ Valuation of Personal Data Justification of Mass Surveillance: A Quantitative Study An Exploratory Study of Risk Perception for Data Disclosure to a Network of Firms Track 12: Umweltinformatik und nachhaltiges Wirtschaften Kommunikationsfäden im Nadelöhr – Fachliche Prozessmodellierung der Nachhaltigkeitskommunikation am Kapitalmarkt Potentiale und Herausforderungen der Materialflusskostenrechnung Computing Incentives for User-Based Relocation in Carsharing Sustainability’s Coming Home: Preliminary Design Principles for the Sustainable Smart District Substitution of hazardous chemical substances using Deep Learning and t-SNE A Hierarchy of DSMLs in Support of Product Life-Cycle Assessment A Survey of Smart Energy Services for Private Households Door-to-Door Mobility Integrators as Keystone Organizations of Smart Ecosystems: Resources and Value Co-Creation – A Literature Review Ein Entscheidungsunterstützungssystem zur ökonomischen Bewertung von Mieterstrom auf Basis der Clusteranalyse Discovering Blockchain for Sustainable Product-Service Systems to enhance the Circular Economy Digitale Rückverfolgbarkeit von Lebensmitteln: Eine verbraucherinformatische Studie Umweltbewusstsein durch audiovisuelles Content Marketing? Eine experimentelle Untersuchung zur Konsumentenbewertung nachhaltiger Smartphones Towards Predictive Energy Management in Information Systems: A Research Proposal A Web Browser-Based Application for Processing and Analyzing Material Flow Models using the MFCA Methodology Track 13: Digital Work - Social, mobile, smart On Conversational Agents in Information Systems Research: Analyzing the Past to Guide Future Work The Potential of Augmented Reality for Improving Occupational First Aid Prevent a Vicious Circle! The Role of Organizational IT-Capability in Attracting IT-affine Applicants Good, Bad, or Both? Conceptualization and Measurement of Ambivalent User Attitudes Towards AI A Case Study on Cross-Hierarchical Communication in Digital Work Environments ‘Show Me Your People Skills’ - Employing CEO Branding for Corporate Reputation Management in Social Media A Multiorganisational Study of the Drivers and Barriers of Enterprise Collaboration Systems-Enabled Change The More the Merrier? The Effect of Size of Core Team Subgroups on Success of Open Source Projects The Impact of Anthropomorphic and Functional Chatbot Design Features in Enterprise Collaboration Systems on User Acceptance Digital Feedback for Digital Work? Affordances and Constraints of a Feedback App at InsurCorp The Effect of Marker-less Augmented Reality on Task and Learning Performance Antecedents for Cyberloafing – A Literature Review Internal Crowd Work as a Source of Empowerment - An Empirical Analysis of the Perception of Employees in a Crowdtesting Project Track 14: Geschäftsmodelle und digitales Unternehmertum Dividing the ICO Jungle: Extracting and Evaluating Design Archetypes Capturing Value from Data: Exploring Factors Influencing Revenue Model Design for Data-Driven Services Understanding the Role of Data for Innovating Business Models: A System Dynamics Perspective Business Model Innovation and Stakeholder: Exploring Mechanisms and Outcomes of Value Creation and Destruction Business Models for Internet of Things Platforms: Empirical Development of a Taxonomy and Archetypes Revitalizing established Industrial Companies: State of the Art and Success Principles of Digital Corporate Incubators When 1+1 is Greater than 2: Concurrence of Additional Digital and Established Business Models within Companies Special Track 1: Student Track Investigating Personalized Price Discrimination of Textile-, Electronics- and General Stores in German Online Retail From Facets to a Universal Definition – An Analysis of IoT Usage in Retail Is the Technostress Creators Inventory Still an Up-To-Date Measurement Instrument? Results of a Large-Scale Interview Study Application of Media Synchronicity Theory to Creative Tasks in Virtual Teams Using the Example of Design Thinking TrustyTweet: An Indicator-based Browser-Plugin to Assist Users in Dealing with Fake News on Twitter Application of Process Mining Techniques to Support Maintenance-Related Objectives How Voice Can Change Customer Satisfaction: A Comparative Analysis between E-Commerce and Voice Commerce Business Process Compliance and Blockchain: How Does the Ethereum Blockchain Address Challenges of Business Process Compliance? Improving Business Model Configuration through a Question-based Approach The Influence of Situational Factors and Gamification on Intrinsic Motivation and Learning Evaluation von ITSM-Tools für Integration und Management von Cloud-Diensten am Beispiel von ServiceNow How Software Promotes the Integration of Sustainability in Business Process Management Criteria Catalog for Industrial IoT Platforms from the Perspective of the Machine Tool Industry Special Track 3: Demos & Prototyping Privacy-friendly User Location Tracking with Smart Devices: The BeaT Prototype Application-oriented robotics in nursing homes Augmented Reality for Set-up Processe Mixed Reality for supporting Remote-Meetings Gamification zur Motivationssteigerung von Werkern bei der Betriebsdatenerfassung Automatically Extracting and Analyzing Customer Needs from Twitter: A “Needmining” Prototype GaNEsHA: Opportunities for Sustainable Transportation in Smart Cities TUCANA: A platform for using local processing power of edge devices for building data-driven services Demonstrator zur Beschreibung und Visualisierung einer kritischen Infrastruktur Entwicklung einer alltagsnahen persuasiven App zur Bewegungsmotivation für ältere Nutzerinnen und Nutzer A browser-based modeling tool for studying the learning of conceptual modeling based on a multi-modal data collection approach Exergames & Dementia: An interactive System for People with Dementia and their Care-Network Workshops Workshop Ethics and Morality in Business Informatics (Workshop Ethik und Moral in der Wirtschaftsinformatik – EMoWI’19) Model-Based Compliance in Information Systems - Foundations, Case Description and Data Set of the MobIS-Challenge for Students and Doctoral Candidates Report of the Workshop on Concepts and Methods of Identifying Digital Potentials in Information Management Control of Systemic Risks in Global Networks - A Grand Challenge to Information Systems Research Die Mitarbeiter von morgen - Kompetenzen künftiger Mitarbeiter im Bereich Business Analytics Digitaler Konsum: Herausforderungen und Chancen der Verbraucherinformati

Angsterleben Schwangerer und Schwangerschaftsverlauf nach kinderärztlichen Aufklärungsgesprächen - Tonbandauswertung

Einleitung: Schwangere mit Risikoschwangerschaft und eventuell drohender Frühgeburt erhalten bei stationärer Aufnahme ein Aufklärungsgespräch über mögliche Risiken und Komplikationen bei Frühgeborenen durch einen Neonatologen. Die Studie umfasst die Analyse dieser Aufklärungsgespräche. Material und Methode: Die Aufklärungsgespräche wurden anhand von Fragebogen und von Tonbandaufnahmen untersucht. Die Tonbandauswertung umfasste eine inhaltliche Analyse der Aufklärungsgespräche und die Untersuchung der Interaktion zwischen dem Arzt und der Schwangeren. Ergebnisse: Die Länge der Aufklärungsgespräche lag im Durchschnitt bei 29,71 Minuten. Die Schwangeren-Gesprächszeit war durchschnittlich mit 6,93 Minuten deutlich niedriger als die des Arztes mit einem Mittelwert von 20,23 Minuten. Insgesamt ergaben sich 29 verschiedene Gesprächsinhaltspunkte, die in sehr unterschiedlicher Häufigkeit von den einzelnen Ärzten angesprochen wurden. Zu den meist angesprochenen gehörten Überlebenschancen, Lungenreife, Beatmung und Entbindung. In allen Gesprächen wurden Themenpunkte angesprochen. In Interaktionsanalyse der Tonbänder befanden sich Arzt und Schwangere auf derselben inhaltlichen Ebene. Der Arzt zeigte mehr Bereitschaft über Risiken zu sprechen als die Schwangere. Ängste wurden von beiden kaum angesprochen. Im gesamten sozialemotionalen Bereich befanden sich der Arzt und die Schwangere eher im neutralen, aber mit der Tendenz im positiven Bereich. Im sachlichen Bereich ließen beide Gesprächspartner einen strukturierten Gesprächsaufbau erkennen. Zusammenfassung: In Zusammenarbeit mit der Studie von Tomas 2005 war das Ziel dieser Studie die Analyse der Aufklärungsgespräche der Neonatologen, für die keine Richtlinien beschrieben sind. Für die einzelnen Ärzte konnten durchaus individuelle Arten der Gesprächsführung festgestellt werden, die sich v.a. durch die Anzahl der angesprochenen Komplikationen unterschieden. Für das Angstniveau der Schwangeren, das vor und nach dem Gespräch gleich war, zeigte sich aber für alle 4 Ärzte kein signifikanter Unterschied. Um eine rechtliche Absicherung zu gewährleisten, kann somit den gesprächsführenden Ärzten geraten werden, alle wichtigen Komplikationen der Frühgeburtlichkeit anzusprechen.Abschließend kann aufgrund von weiteren interessanten Korrelationen für weitere Gespräche zusammenfassend geraten werden, dass der Arzt gegenüber der Schwangeren offen und ehrlich sein und Anteil an ihrer inneren Welt nehmen sollte. Er sollte auch auf ihre Ängste eingehen und diese akzeptieren, aber auch Risiken und Komplikationen ansprechen. Dadurch schafft es auch die Schwangere, offener gegenüber ihrem eigenen Empfinden zu sein, emotionale Inhalte besser zu verbalisieren, dem Arzt Kompetenz zuzusprechen und die eigenen Ängste zu akzeptieren

Utilizing Modern FIB/SEM Technology and EDS for 3D Imaging of Hydrated Alite and its Pore Space

The exploration of cementitious materials using scanning electron microscopes (SEM) is mainly done using fractured or polished surfaces. This leads to high-resolution 2D-images that can be combined using EDX and EBSD to unveil details of the microstructure and composition of materials. Nevertheless, this does not provide a quantitative insight into the three-dimensional fine structure of for example C-S-H phases. The focused ion beam (FIB) technology can cut a block of material in thin layers of less than 10 nm. This gives us a volume of 1000 μm³ with a voxel resolution of down to 4 x 4 x 10 nm³. The results can be combined with simultaneously acquired EDX data to improve image segmentation. Results of the investigation demonstrate that it is possible to obtain close-to-native 3D-visualisation of the spatial distribution of unreacted C3S, C-S-H and CH. Additionally, an optimized preparation method allows us to quantify the fine structure of C-S-H phases (length, aspect ratio, …) and the pore space

C-S-H Pore Size Characterization Via a Combined Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Surface Relaxivity Calibration.

A new method for the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) surface relaxivity calibration in hydrated cement samples is proposed. This method relies on a combined analysis of 28-d hydrated tricalcium silicate samples by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image analysis and 1H-time-domain (TD)-NMR relaxometry. Pore surface and volume data for interhydrate pores are obtained from high resolution SEM images on surfaces obtained by argon broad ion beam sectioning. These data are combined with T2 relaxation times from 1H-TD-NMR to calculate the systems surface relaxivity according to the fast exchange model of relaxation. This new method is compared to an alternative method that employs sequential drying to calibrate the systems surface relaxivity

C-S-H Pore Size Characterization Via a Combined Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Surface Relaxivity Calibration.

A new method for the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) surface relaxivity calibration in hydrated cement samples is proposed. This method relies on a combined analysis of 28-d hydrated tricalcium silicate samples by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image analysis and 1H-time-domain (TD)-NMR relaxometry. Pore surface and volume data for interhydrate pores are obtained from high resolution SEM images on surfaces obtained by argon broad ion beam sectioning. These data are combined with T2 relaxation times from 1H-TD-NMR to calculate the systems surface relaxivity according to the fast exchange model of relaxation. This new method is compared to an alternative method that employs sequential drying to calibrate the systems surface relaxivity

C-S-H Pore Size Characterization Via a Combined Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)−Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Surface Relaxivity Calibration

A new method for the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) surface relaxivity calibration in hydrated cement samples is proposed. This method relies on a combined analysis of 28-d hydrated tricalcium silicate samples by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image analysis and 1H-time-domain (TD)-NMR relaxometry. Pore surface and volume data for interhydrate pores are obtained from high resolution SEM images on surfaces obtained by argon broad ion beam sectioning. These data are combined with T2 relaxation times from 1H-TD-NMR to calculate the systems surface relaxivity according to the fast exchange model of relaxation. This new method is compared to an alternative method that employs sequential drying to calibrate the systems surface relaxivity

Reconstruction of calcium silicate hydrates using multiple 2D and 3D imaging techniques: Light microscopy, μ-CT, SEM, FIB-nT combined with EDX

This study demonstrates the application and combination of multiple imaging techniques [light microscopy, micro-X-ray computer tomography (μ-CT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and focussed ion beam – nano-tomography (FIB-nT)] to the analysis of the microstructure of hydrated alite across multiple scales. However, by comparing findings with mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), it becomes obvious that the imaged 3D volumes and 2D images do not sufficiently overlap at certain scales to allow a continuous quantification of the pore size distribution (PSD). This can be overcome by improving the resolution and increasing the measured volume. Furthermore, results show that the fibrous morphology of calcium-silicate-hydrates (C-S-H) phases is preserved during FIB-nT. This is a requirement for characterisation of nano-scale porosity. Finally, it was proven that the combination of FIB-nT with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) data facilitates the phase segmentation of a 11 × 11 × 7.7 μm3 volume of hydrated alite