Dental trauma in children in Budapest. A retrospective study

Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are among the most serious dental public health problems in childhood. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anterior tooth TDIs in 7- to 18-year-old children who presented for treatment over a period between January 2007 and December 2016, and to survey the effect of an increased health awareness and educational campaign about the risk of TDIs and the importance of prevention methods in decreasing their prevalence compared with data published in the years 1985-1999.The current study was carried out on 454 children who presented for treatment at the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics in Budapest, Hungary.The prevalence of TDIs was 1%. Males experienced more dental injuries than females. The incidence of dental trauma peaked at 9 years of age. The most observed injury was luxation. Most accidents occurred during playtime at home. TDIs occurred most frequently in the spring.The increased health awareness, a wide educational campaign about the risk of TDIs and the importance of prevention methods have essentially contributed to the decrease in the prevalence of TDIs, with an increase of luxation injuries and a decrease of teeth fractures

Effects of variable attachment shapes and aligner material on aligner retention.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the retention of four types of aligners on a dental arch with various attachments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this study, three casts were manufactured, two of which contained attachments (ellipsoid and beveled), and one without any attachments to serve as a control. Four types of aligners were thermoformed: Clear-Aligner (CA)-soft, CA-medium, and CA-hard, with various thicknesses, and Essix ACE. Measurements of vertical displacement force during aligner removal were performed with the Gabo Qualimeter Eplexor. Means and standard deviations were next compared between different aligner thicknesses and attachment shapes. RESULTS: CA-soft, CA-medium, and CA-hard did not present a significant increase in retention, except when used in the presence of attachments. Additionally, CA-medium and CA-hard required significantly more force for removal. Essix ACE demonstrated a significant decrease in retention when used with ellipsoid attachments. The force value for Essix ACE removal from the cast with beveled attachments was comparable to that of CA-medium. Forces for aligner removal from the model without attachments showed a linear trend. Essix ACE did not show a continuous increase in retention for each model. Overall, ellipsoid attachments did not present a significant change in retention. In contrast, beveled attachments improved retention. CONCLUSIONS: Ellipsoid attachments had no significant influence on the force required for aligner removal and hence on aligner retention. Essix ACE showed significantly less retention than CA-hard on the models with attachments. Furthermore, beveled attachments were observed to increase retention significantly, compared with ellipsoid attachments and when using no attachments

A 2-es típusú diabetes mellitus prevalenciájának változása szájüregi carcinomás betegek körében

INTRODUCTION: Data proves that Hungary has a leading role in the statistics of oral cancer and patients living with type 2 diabetes. AIM: Our aim was to understand the statistical correlation between oral cancer and metabolic disorder (diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose) due to the valuable data from the Semmelweis University. METHOD: We analyzed the data of 835 patients diagnosed with malignant oral cancer and 587 tumor-free control patients. We investigated the incidence and location of oral cancer among patients living with diabetes, and compared these datasets with our previous data from 14 years earlier. RESULTS: We found that in oral cancer patients, 26.1% had diabetes and 20.8% had impaired fasting glucose; in the control group these ratios were 10.8% and 11.1%. This difference is significant (p<0.05). 14 years ago in the tumor group 14.6%, in the control group 5.6% had diabetes, while 9.7% and 5.5% had impaired fasting glucose. Lip cancer had the biggest incidence. CONCLUSIONS: The rise of type 2 diabetes in the tumor group was significant. This could be a burden for the health care system. We want to highlight the importance of interdisciplinary cooperation between health care professionals. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(20): 803-807

A probiotikumok szerepe az orális egészségben : A szájflóra Lactobacillus-összetételének vizsgálata egészséges és cukorbetegséggel élő gyermekekben = The role of probiotics in oral health : Examination of the compound of the Lactobacillus in the oral flora in healthy and diabetic children

Bevezetés: A probiotikumok az Egészségügyi Világszervezet meghatározása szerint: „Élő, speciálisan kiválasztott, a bél szempontjából releváns mikroorganizmusok, amelyek fogyasztása megfelelő mennyiségben, a hagyományos tápanyagokat meghaladó mértékben gyakorolnak jótékony hatást az egészségre.” A jótékony baktériumok feladata a normálbélflóra egyensúlyának fenntartása és a patogén baktériumok elszaporodásának megelőzése. A szájüregi egészség megőrzésére egyre gyakrabban ajánlják a probiotikumok terápiás alkalmazását. Az irodalom számos sikeres eredményről számol be, elsősorban a fogszuvasodás és a fogágybetegség probiotikummal történő kezelésével kapcsolatosan. Ezen esetekben a probiotikumok a betegséget kialakító baktériumflórára vannak hatással. Saját kutatásunk során a caries és az 1-es típusú diabetes esetén kialakult szájflóra esetleges eltéréseit vizsgáljuk. Célkitűzés: A témával kapcsolatos irodalom összefoglalása mellett célunk saját eddigi vizsgálatainkat bemutatni; összehasonlítani a cariesmentes és a carieses, illetve az 1-es típusú diabetesszel élő és az egészséges gyermekek szájflóráját; vizsgálni az összcsíraszámot, a Lactobacillusok öszcsíraszámát, illetve ezek speciesszintű összetételét. Módszer: A résztvevőktől (20 fő/csoport) 0,5 ml nyugalmi nyálminta gyűjtése. Az összcsíraszám meghatározását véres táptalajon, a Lactobacillusok tenyésztését Rogosa agaron végeztük. A Lactobacillusok speciesszintű azonosítására speciális tömegspektrométert alkalmaztunk. Eredmények: Az összcsíraszám tekintetében a két vizsgálati csoport eredményei az adott kontrollcsoportok eredményeihez képest nem mutattak szignifikáns különbséget (109 vs. 108 CFU/ml). Ezzel szemben mind a carieses, mind a diabetesszel élő gyermekek csoportjában szignifikáns eltérést tapasztaltunk a Lactobacillus-összcsíraszámban a kontrollcsoportokhoz képest (102 vs. 103 CFU/ml). A Lactobacillusok kvalitatív összetétele mindegyik vizsgálati csoportban különbözött. Megbeszélés: A caryogen szájflóra kiszoríthatja a probiotikus törzseket, ez a szájüreg normálflórájának felborulását okozhatja. Az 1-es típusú diabetes gyermekkorban is hatással lehet az orális flóra összetételére. Következtetés: A szájüreg normálflórájának probiotikumokkal történő helyreállítása egy lehetséges prevenciós út a szájüregi kórképek kialakulása szempontjából. Az egyes probiotikumtörzsek működésének részletesebb vizsgálata további kutatások részét kell, hogy képezze. | Introduction: The World Health Organization defines probiotics as: “Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host.” Probiotics maintain the balance of the normal intestinal flora and prevent the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria. Its therapeutic use in oral health is increasing. The literature reports successful results considering the treatment of caries and periodontal disease with probiotics. In these cases, probiotics effect the oral flora causing the disease. Our research investigates how caries and type I diabetes effect the normal oral flora. Objective: To summarize the literature on this topic and to present our research, which compares the oral microflora of children with or without caries and of healthy children with those having type 1 diabetes. Our research also determines the total oral bacterial and Lactobacillus count, and its species composition. Method: A 0.5 ml saliva sample is collected from the participants (20 participants/group). The total bacteria count is determined on blood agar, the Lactobacillus is cultured on Rogosa agar. A MALDI–TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time-of-flight) device is used to identify the different Lactobacillus species. Results: The total bacterial count of the two test groups did not show a significant difference compared to the control groups (109 vs. 108 CFU/mL). In the groups of children with caries and with diabetes, there was a significant difference in the Lactobacillus count compared to the control groups (102 vs. 103 CFU/mL). The species composition of the Lactobacillus differed in each group. Discussion: Cariogenic oral flora can displace the probiotic strains in the oral cavity. Diabetes in childhood can affect the composition of the oral flora Conclusion: Restoring the normal oral flora of the oral cavity with probiotics is a possible way of preventing the development of oral diseases. Further research is needed examining the function of individual probiotic strains