The effect of graphene and graphene-oxide nanoparticles on the aerobic granular sludge wastewater treatment process

The responses of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) to the presence of graphene and graphene-oxide nanoparticles (G and GO NPs) at various concentrations (1, 5 and 10 mg/L) during biological wastewater treatment processes were investigated. Bioreactor performance and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) secretion were assessed. The results showed that the effects of G and GO NPs on bioreactor performances were dependent on the material and dose applied, especially in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phosphorus removal. Nitrite and nitrate removal rates were unchanged. The secretion of EPS, which could alleviate the toxicity of GO NPs, also changed. GO NPs were found to be more toxic than G NPs, indicating that structural changes may affect their activity

Plant mediated synthesis method of copper oxide nanoparticles

As copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NP) due to their unique electric, thermal, mechanical, catalytic and magnetic properties, are widely used in various fields such as agricultural, environmental, industrial, and medical. Thus, their large-scale economical production needs to be developed. In the implementation of nanotechnological syntheses, the applications of energy-, time-, and cost-effective synthesis processes by recycling environmentally friendly plant waste material are playing an increasing role. These methods can be easily applied on an industrial scale and are also of great importance in waste recycling. In this regard, the aim of our research was the production of copper oxide nanoparticles using the extracts of several plants (for example green tea, Virginia creeper and coffee arabica). The properties of the obtained particles, such as size and crystal structure, were determined and compared to the chemically synthesized particles. The applicability of different plant extracts during the CuO nanoparticle synthesis were established

Green agents for synthesis of silver nanoparticles through multi-round recycling of waste as an alternative to chemical methods: synthesis and characterizations

Green nanoparticle (NP) synthesis is a novel area of nanotechnology that succeeds in terms of biocompatibility, scalability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. Due to the widespread of metal nanoparticles in industrial scale applications, green and efficient process that are required free toxic solvent is being emphasized. Plants have lately been used to produce metal nanoparticles as an alternative approach that apply extracts made from as reducing and capping agent. Due to their excellent properties, silver nanoparticles have been widely used for several applications, including as antibacterial agents, in industrial, household, and healthcarerelated products, in consumer products, medical device coatings, optical sensors, and cosmetics. Regarding this, the purpose of our research firstly was to find out whether the green martials Turkish coffee (TC) and Virginia Creeper (VC) extracted and used for synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) could be recycled for further NP synthesis. Another objective was to compare Ag NPs morphology synthesized by biological reagent to chemical reagents as sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as reductant, and sodium citrate and Polyvinyl-Pyrrolidone (PVP) 55k as the stabilizing agents by conventional method. The characteristics of the Ag NPs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), U.V spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements

A species dependent study of the effect of CuO nanoparticle produced by chemical and green synthesis on microgreen plants

Global challenges such as population growth, increasing urbanisation, climate change, and limited access to important plant nutrients have all contributed to the development of nanotechnology as a new innovation and its application in agriculture. Nanoparticles can be synthesized through chemical, physical or biological synthesis methods. However, the applied approach can significantly affect their chemical properties, reactivity and biological activity [1]. In recent years, the use of green synthesis methods has received increasing attention due to their ease of characterization, lower toxicity and favorable production costs. In our work, we examined and compared the species-dependent effects of CuO nanoparticles produced by both chemical and green synthesis on three different microgreen plants. Seed-priming was used for seed treatment and the biomass, pigment, and protein contents of one-week-old plants were investigated

Conversion Study on the Formation of Mechanochemically Synthesized BaTiO3

Mechanochemistry is a method that can cover the energy demand of reaction pathways between solid materials. This requires enough energy to maintain the reactions between the starting materials. This is called “high-energy milling”. In our case, a planetary ball mill provided the required energy. Using the Burgio-equation, the required energy is determinable; the energy released during a single impact of a milling ball (Eb), as well as during the whole milling process (Ecum). The aim of this work was the one-step production of BaTiO3 from BaO and TiO2 starting materials. Whereas during mechanochemical reactions it is possible to produce nanoparticles of up to 10 nm, the essence of this study is to develop the preparation of BaTiO3 with a perovskite structure even without subsequent heat treatment, since sintering at high temperatures is associated with a rapid increase in the size of the particles. By describing the synthesis parameters and their energy values (Eb and Ecum), it is possible to transpose experimental conditions, so that in the case of other types of planetary ball mills or grinding vessel made of other materials, the results can be used. In this study, the mechanical treatment was carried out with a Fritsch Pulverisette-6 planetary ball mill and the transformation of the starting materials was investigated by X-ray diffractometric, Raman and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic, and transmission electron microscopic measurements