Determinación del Rendimiento de Glucosa por Hidrólisis Enzimática de Almidones de Yuca (Manihot esculenta), Camote (Ipomoea batatas) y Papa (Solanum tuberosum)

Dada la gran necesidad de glucosa para uso final o como insumo industrial para la obtención de productos de mayor valor comercial, en este trabajo de investigación se planteó el objetivo de determinar el rendimiento de glucosa por hidrólisis enzimática de tres almidones: yuca (Manihot esculenta), camote (Ipomoea batatas) y papa (Solanum tuberosum). Se han empleado 5 Kg de cada tubérculo, se lavaron y pelaron para proceder a extraer el almidón, reportando el rendimiento de almidón obtenido por Kg de materia prima empleada. Las enzimas empleadas fueron: Amylyve A30, una amilasa de origen bacteriano; y Amylyve AG 400L, una glucoamilasa de origen fúngico. Las dosis recomendadas fueron 3 gramos por Kg de almidón para la alfa amilasa, y 2 gramos por Kg de hidrolizado para la glucoamilasa. Los ensayos fueron realizados con 150 gramos de muestra contenidos en una suspensión de 20% de almidón en agua. La hidrólisis enzimática se realizó en tres etapas sucesivas, utilizando para ello un agitador orbital, con regulación de temperatura hasta 150°C. La velocidad de agitación fue 300 rpm. La gelatinización se realizó a 90°C durante 30 minutos. Luego la licuefacción con la enzima alfa amilasa se realizó a 70°C, con ajuste de pH a 6.0 y durante un tiempo de 120 minutos. La sacarificación se realizó con la adición de la enzima glucoamilasa a 65°C, con ajuste de pH a 4.8 y durante un tiempo de 24 horas. Después de la licuefacción y sacarificación se filtró el hidrolizado y se procedió a medir el porcentaje de azucares reductores y °Brix. 12 Los tres almidones demostraron ser materias primas alternativas para la producción de glucosa, llegando a obtener valores comparables con los obtenidos industrialmente con almidón de maíz, uno de los almidones más empleados. No obstante, el almidón de yuca demostró mayor rendimiento, dando un valor de 91.72% respecto al teórico. Después de la etapa de licuefacción, rindió un Equivalente de Dextrosa promedio de 13.68; y en la etapa de sacarificación el valor de Equivalente de Dextrosa fue de 89.54

Implementación de un centro especializado en el cuidado y desarrollo infantil en la ciudad de Chiclayo “Baby Club & Garden”

El presente proyecto se enfoca en el crecimiento humano de las familias que apuntan a una calidad de vida más elevada,que les permita consolidarse dentro de la sociedad en la que viven. La propuesta del proyecto es la implementación de un centro especializado en el cuidado y desarrollo infantil, para niños de 3 a 36 meses de edad, basado en la aplicación de la metodología Montessori y haciendo uso de la tecnología acorde a los tiempos modernos. La metodología Montessori fomenta en el infante actitudes autónomas mediante el ejercicio de prueba-ensayo, la cual gestiona en el niño la construcción y descubrimiento de sus propias formas de aprendizaje, fortaleciendo su personalidad y autoestima. El otro componente es la tecnología, que mediante un aplicativo multiplataforma le permite al padre y/o apoderado, involucrarse en tiempo real con el desarrollo y crecimiento de su hijo, afianzando la cultura de confianza y transparencia en la relación servicio/cliente. La propuesta de valor se basa en una metodología dinámica y tecnológica, haciendo posible el desarrollo integral del infante e impulsando sus habilidades blandas para una relación más asertiva con el mundo, cumpliendo con la expectativa del padre y/o apoderado.Asociados al proyecto, se encuentran una gama de profesionales altamente calificados, con conocimientos modernos, acordes a las exigencias actuales y, sobre todo,con una vocación de servicio que los destaque por encima de otras propuestas conocidas en la Región Lambayeque. El nombre comercial que se ha considerado es Baby Club & Garden, un nombre amigable y de rápida recordación. Los términos empleados son una invitación a una comunidad de familias que anhela crecer y desarrollarse para enfrentar con éxito la vida. El distintivo del logo es la silueta de un bebé en actitud de incorporarse hacia adelante, lo que denota espíritu de superación, que va acorde al propósito del proyecto. El slogan “CRECE” es una invitación directa para contribuir con el crecimiento de la familia; el motivo vital de un padre y/o apoderado, es la de proteger y asegurar un mejor futuro para su hijo, y este proyecto lo logra, posibilitándole,a su vez, acceder a una vida más plena, personal y profesionalmente. Baby Club & Garden es una promesa de crecimiento para la familia moderna.El centro está ubicado en la Provincia de Chiclayo, Distrito de Chiclayo, en la Av. Libertad N° 573 –Urb. Santa Victoria. Aledaña al cercado de la ciudad, Baby Club & Garden, cuenta con una interesante ubicación, en donde existe una importante actividad comercial, donde han prosperado en los últimos años importantes negocios de servicios como clínicas, restaurantes, veterinarias, bancos, hoteles, aseguradoras, entre otros, lo que favorece y asegura el tránsito de potenciales clientes, situándola en una zona idónea para el negocio. A nivel infraestructura, Baby Club & Garden, cuenta con un diseño arquitectónico únicoen la región, dotado de una personalidad diferente, capaz de transmitir una atmósfera de innovación y vanguardia, lo que asegura un marcado liderazgo en el rubro.Para darse a conocer y en aras de ampliar su comunidad, Baby Club & Garden, apela a una estrategia de marketing (On y Off Line) alineada a los hábitos de consumo de su potencial cliente, haciendo uso de piezas publicitarias con un mensaje directo y potente, y con unidad de campaña que le de orden y asertividad a su poder de comunicación.El 2022 será el año de retorno a la presencialidad de los servicios que aún no se han reactivado o que lo han hecho parcialmente. Consciente de que el proceso de vacunación es un factor preponderante para la normalización de las actividades comerciales, Baby Club & Garden, se prepara para abrir sus puertas cumpliendo con todos los protocolos de bioseguridad vigentes y alineados a los estándares de salud pública que dicta el estado peruano.El ideal del proyecto es convertirse en una organización sostenible y sustentable, que posibilite el desarrollo integral de las familias en Chiclayo. Baby Club & Garden, crece.Escuela de Postgrad

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Reduction of cardiac imaging tests during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of Italy. Findings from the IAEA Non-invasive Cardiology Protocol Survey on COVID-19 (INCAPS COVID)

Background: In early 2020, COVID-19 massively hit Italy, earlier and harder than any other European country. This caused a series of strict containment measures, aimed at blocking the spread of the pandemic. Healthcare delivery was also affected when resources were diverted towards care of COVID-19 patients, including intensive care wards. Aim of the study: The aim is assessing the impact of COVID-19 on cardiac imaging in Italy, compare to the Rest of Europe (RoE) and the World (RoW). Methods: A global survey was conducted in May–June 2020 worldwide, through a questionnaire distributed online. The survey covered three periods: March and April 2020, and March 2019. Data from 52 Italian centres, a subset of the 909 participating centres from 108 countries, were analyzed. Results: In Italy, volumes decreased by 67% in March 2020, compared to March 2019, as opposed to a significantly lower decrease (p &lt; 0.001) in RoE and RoW (41% and 40%, respectively). A further decrease from March 2020 to April 2020 summed up to 76% for the North, 77% for the Centre and 86% for the South. When compared to the RoE and RoW, this further decrease from March 2020 to April 2020 in Italy was significantly less (p = 0.005), most likely reflecting the earlier effects of the containment measures in Italy, taken earlier than anywhere else in the West. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic massively hit Italy and caused a disruption of healthcare services, including cardiac imaging studies. This raises concern about the medium- and long-term consequences for the high number of patients who were denied timely diagnoses and the subsequent lifesaving therapies and procedures

International Impact of COVID-19 on the Diagnosis of Heart Disease

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has adversely affected diagnosis and treatment of noncommunicable diseases. Its effects on delivery of diagnostic care for cardiovascular disease, which remains the leading cause of death worldwide, have not been quantified. Objectives: The study sought to assess COVID-19's impact on global cardiovascular diagnostic procedural volumes and safety practices. Methods: The International Atomic Energy Agency conducted a worldwide survey assessing alterations in cardiovascular procedure volumes and safety practices resulting from COVID-19. Noninvasive and invasive cardiac testing volumes were obtained from participating sites for March and April 2020 and compared with those from March 2019. Availability of personal protective equipment and pandemic-related testing practice changes were ascertained. Results: Surveys were submitted from 909 inpatient and outpatient centers performing cardiac diagnostic procedures, in 108 countries. Procedure volumes decreased 42% from March 2019 to March 2020, and 64% from March 2019 to April 2020. Transthoracic echocardiography decreased by 59%, transesophageal echocardiography 76%, and stress tests 78%, which varied between stress modalities. Coronary angiography (invasive or computed tomography) decreased 55% (p &lt; 0.001 for each procedure). In multivariable regression, significantly greater reduction in procedures occurred for centers in countries with lower gross domestic product. Location in a low-income and lower–middle-income country was associated with an additional 22% reduction in cardiac procedures and less availability of personal protective equipment and telehealth. Conclusions: COVID-19 was associated with a significant and abrupt reduction in cardiovascular diagnostic testing across the globe, especially affecting the world's economically challenged. Further study of cardiovascular outcomes and COVID-19–related changes in care delivery is warranted

Impact of COVID-19 on Diagnostic Cardiac Procedural Volume in Oceania: The IAEA Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocol Survey on COVID-19 (INCAPS COVID)

Objectives: The INCAPS COVID Oceania study aimed to assess the impact caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiac procedure volume provided in the Oceania region. Methods: A retrospective survey was performed comparing procedure volumes within March 2019 (pre-COVID-19) with April 2020 (during first wave of COVID-19 pandemic). Sixty-three (63) health care facilities within Oceania that perform cardiac diagnostic procedures were surveyed, including a mixture of metropolitan and regional, hospital and outpatient, public and private sites, and 846 facilities outside of Oceania. The percentage change in procedure volume was measured between March 2019 and April 2020, compared by test type and by facility. Results: In Oceania, the total cardiac diagnostic procedure volume was reduced by 52.2% from March 2019 to April 2020, compared to a reduction of 75.9% seen in the rest of the world (p&lt;0.001). Within Oceania sites, this reduction varied significantly between procedure types, but not between types of health care facility. All procedure types (other than stress cardiac magnetic resonance [CMR] and positron emission tomography [PET]) saw significant reductions in volume over this time period (p&lt;0.001). In Oceania, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) decreased by 51.6%, transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) by 74.0%, and stress tests by 65% overall, which was more pronounced for stress electrocardiograph (ECG) (81.8%) and stress echocardiography (76.7%) compared to stress single-photon emission computerised tomography (SPECT) (44.3%). Invasive coronary angiography decreased by 36.7% in Oceania. Conclusion: A significant reduction in cardiac diagnostic procedure volume was seen across all facility types in Oceania and was likely a function of recommendations from cardiac societies and directives from government to minimise spread of COVID-19 amongst patients and staff. Longer term evaluation is important to assess for negative patient outcomes which may relate to deferral of usual models of care within cardiology