6 research outputs found
Városi csapadékvízgyűjtő tározó méretének vizsgálata az 1901-2020 időszak napi meteorológiai adatai alapján = Evaluation of urban rainwater storage sizing based on daily meteorological data for the 1901 – 2020 period
A tanulmány az épületek tetővizeinek gyűjtésére szolgáló csapadékvíz tározók vizsgálatát mutatja be, egy a magyarországi viszonyok között jellemző tetőmérettel és egy lehetséges vízhasználattal. A vizsgálat egy egyszerű, napi csapadék és hőmérséklet adatokon alapuló modell alapján történt. A modell, minthogy 120 év adatain alapul, alkalmas arra, hogy az időközben lezajlott ingadozások és a bekövetkezett emberi tevékenységre visszavezethető klímaváltozás hatásait bemutassa. Emellett vizsgálható az egyes járatos névleges térfogatú tározók néhány jellemzője is. A tanulmányban az éves és a fagymentes időszakra kiterjesztett csapadékgyűjtés eredményeit mutattuk be. Vizsgálat tárgyát képezte egy extrém nagy tározó alkalmazása is, amely során az öntözött terület változtatása volt elemezhető. A vizsgálatok egyik megállapítása az, hogy a tározás optimális mérettartományának felső határa a felvett bemeneti és kimenti paraméterek mellett, az adott napi meteorológiai adatok figyelembevételével a 20 m3 környezetében helyezkedik el. A tározó kihasználtsága efelett lényegében alig értelmezhető és az optimális térfogat valahol e szint alatt található. Vizsgáltuk azt is, hogy az egyes paraméterek aránya miként változott az elmúlt évszázadban. A tanulmány megállapítása az, hogy az öntözési célú vízvisszatartás mindenképp pozitív hatású. A nagyobb tározó kialakítása általában jobb mutatókat eredményez, de felvethető, hogy egy háztartás esetében a beruházási költségek megtérülése miképp alakul, ez további vizsgálatok tárgya kell legyen. = The study presents the investigation of rainwater reservoirs for collecting roof water from
buildings, with a roof size typical for Hungarian conditions and a possible water use. The study
was based on a simple model based on daily precipitation and temperature data.The model
results, which took into account 120 years of data, are suitable for showing the effects of the
fluctuations that have taken place in the meantime as the spontaneous fluctuations of the climate
and by climate change that can be traced back to human activity. In addition, it was possible
to examine some of the characteristics of each reservoir with a nominal volume. In the study,
we have presented the results of rainwater collection in the case of annual (whole-year) and
seasonal (frost-free) periods. The examination of an extremely large reservoir was also the
subject of the study, during which the change in the irrigated area was analyzed. One of the findings of the tests is that the estimated upper limit of the optimal size of the reservoir. It was
found that with the frame of the recorded input and output parameters, taking into account the
meteorological data, the maximum reasonable size of the tank is around 20 m3
, although the
optimal volume is to be found well below this value. The utilization of greater reservoir cannot
be interpreted. We also examined how the ratio of individual parameters changed over the past
century. The conclusion of the study is that water retention for irrigation purposes is definitely
positive. The design of a larger reservoir usually results in better indicators, but it is possible
to raise the question of how the return on investment costs can be validate in the case of a
household. This question should be the subject of further investigations
Management of Peptic Ulcer Bleeding in Different Case Volume Workplaces: Results of a Nationwide Inquiry in Hungary
The aim of this study was to conduct a national survey to evaluate the recent endoscopic treatment and drug therapy of peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB) patients and to compare practices in high and low case volume Hungarian workplaces. A total of 62 gastroenterology units participated in the six-month study. A total of 3033 PUB cases and a mean of 8.15±3.9 PUB cases per month per unit were reported. In the 23 high case volume units (HCV), there was a mean of 12.9±5.4 PUB cases/month, whereas in the 39 low case volume units (LCV), a mean of 5.3±2.9 PUB cases/month were treated during the study period. In HCV units, endoscopic therapies for Forrest Ia, Ib, and IIa ulcers were significantly more often used than in LCV units (86% versus 68%; P=0.001). Among patients with stigmata of recent haemorrhage (Forrest I, II), bolus + continuous infusion PPI was given significantly more frequently in HCV than in LCV units (49.6% versus 33.2%; P=0.001). Mortality in HCV units was less than in LCV units (2.7% versus 4.3%; P=0.023). The penetration of evidence-based recommendations for PUB management is stronger in HCV units resulting lower mortality
Detection and Quantification of Pharmaceutical Residues in the Pest County Section of the River Danube
Active substances detected in surface water in Hungary today include pain and anti-inflammatory agents and antiepileptics, as wastewater treatment mechanisms cannot remove these micropollutants. The aim of our research is to detect residues of four pain-killer drugs—naproxen, nimesulide, diclofenac, and ibuprofen—and an anti-epileptic drug—carbamazepine—in water samples we collected (n = 8) from the Danube. Our samples were concentrated using solid-phase extraction and then detected with HPLC. During the evaluation, we looked for a significant difference in the concentration of the active substances. Naproxen was detectable in the largest amount in one sampling point, with an average concentration of 12,029.337 ± 1772.957 ng/L, while ibuprofen was present in the second highest concentration in another sampling site, which reached an average concentration of 4048.112 ± 2086.789 ng/L. We examined water samples taken from the same sampling sites but at different distances from the riverbank, and we found a significant difference regarding the active substance naproxen at the sampling site in Budapest District XX. The analytes were detected in varying amounts in all the water samples, so the contamination in the examined section is significant. Examining the turnover data on medicines and our results, we concluded that pharmaceutical consumption significantly contributes to the pollution of the Danube. In order to protect water quality, further research would be advisable in the field of mechanisms for wastewater treatment in order to achieve the complete removal of drug residues from wastewater
Pre-excitation studies for rubidium-plasma generation
The key element in the Proton-Driven-Plasma-Wake-Field-Accelerator (AWAKE) project is the generation of highly uniform plasma from Rubidium vapor. The standard way to achieve full ionization is to use high power laser which can assure the over-barrier-ionization (OBI) along the 10 meters long active region. The Wigner-team in Budapest is investigating an alternative way of uniform plasma generation. The proposed Resonance Enhanced Multi Photon Ionization (REMPI) scheme probably can be realized by much less laser power. In the following the resonant pre-excitations of the Rb atoms are investigated, theoretically and the status report about the preparatory work on the experiment are presented