Genetic diversity in a structured family of six generations of ornamental chili peppers (capsicum annuum)

Não consta dia.The genus Capsicum has been used as an ornamental plant, but there are only a few commercial cultivars for this purpose available in Brazil. The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity in a structured family of six generations of ornamental pepper based on quantitative and qualitative data, separately and integrated in the same analysis. These studies are part of the Capsicum breeding program developed at Universidade Federal da Paraíba and Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1, and BC2) of ornamental pepper, belonging to the germplasm bank of Universidade Federal da Paraíba, were evaluated. Two accessions of ornamental pepper plants belonging to the germplasm bank of UFPB (01 and 132) were chosen based on an earlier diallel study. Ten plants of each parent and F1, 72 plants of backcross 1 (BC1), 75 plants of backcross 2 (BC2), and 147 plants of the segregating F2 generation were studied. Analysis of genetic diversity was performed for all generations. Quantitative data were subjected to cluster analysis by Tocher’s method. Multi-traits were analyzed based on the arithmetic complement of the index of coincidence. The matrices of quantitative and multi-categorical traits were summed, and data were subjected to cluster analysis by Tocher’s optimized method. The relative importance of the traits was evaluated by Singh (1981)’s method. High genetic variability was determined in F2 and backcrosses by three cluster analyses, showing that parents 01 and 132 differ for the evaluated traits. According to the relative importance of traits, those that most contributed to genetic divergence were number of seeds per fruit, number of fruits per plant, days to flowering and days to fruiting

Intraspecific cross-compatibility in ornamental pepper

The production of Capsicum for ornamental purposes in Brazil has increased in recent years. To support the activities of this promising market, it is essential to develop new cultivars by hybridization. The knowledge of cross compatibility is also important in plant evolution research as it provides new genetic combinations and promotes speciation. There are few records of intraspecific compatibility studies in Capsicum. The objective of this work was to evaluate and describe cross compatibilities in accessions of Capsicum annuum. This experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at Universidade Federal da Paraiba (UFPB). Nine lines of Capsicum annuum (UFPB 45, UFV 46, UFPB 132, UFPB 134, UFPB 390, UFPB 392, UFV443, UFV 448, and UFV 449), belonging to the Horticultural Germplasm Bank of UFPB and Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), were chosen for the study based on their broad genetic background and phenotypic diversity. They were crossed according to a full diallel schedule. The manual crosses were made at pre-anthesis stage in emasculated flowers. The percentage of fruit set was estimated as the number of fruits formed divided by the total crosses made and varied from 20 to 100%. The intraspecific compatibility varied both with the direction of the crossings and the parents used in the crossing, showing intraspecific incompatibility exists and depends on the genotypes. Parthenocarpic fruits and fruits with very few seeds were observed. Some fruits showed apocarpy. Some crosses showed anthocyanin in the placenta tissues. The knowledge of the intraspecific compatibility as well as of the direction of crossing is extremely important for success in hybrid breeding programs

Epistasis and inheritance of plant habit and fruit quality traits in ornamental pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Two accessions of ornamental pepper Capsicum annuum L., differing in most of the characters studied, were crossed, resulting in the F1 generation, and the F2 generation was obtained through self-fertilization of the F1 generation. The backcross generations RC1 and RC2 were obtained through crossing between F1 and the parents P1 and P2, respectively. Morpho-agronomic characterization was performed based on the 19 quantitative descriptors of Capsicum. The data obtained were subjected to generation analysis, in which the means and additive 2 variance ( σ a ), variance due to dominance deviation ( σ d 2 ), phenotypic variance ( σ 2 f ), genetic variance ( σ g 2 ) and environmental variance (σ m 2 ) were calculated. For the full model, we estimated the mean effects of all possible homozygotes, additives, dominants, and epistatics: additive-additive, additive-dominant, and dominant-dominant. For the additive-dominant model, we estimated the additive effects, dominant effects and mean effects of possible homozygotes. The character fruit dry matter had the lowest value for broad sense heritability (0.42), and the highest values were found for fresh matter and fruit weight, 0.91 and 0.92, respectively. The lowest value for narrow sense heritability was for the minor fruit diameter character (0.33), and the highest values were found for seed yield per fruit and fresh matter, 0.87 and 0.84, respectively. The additive-dominant model explained only the variation found in plant height, canopy width, stem length, corolla diameter, leaf width, and pedicel length, but in the other characters, the epistatic effects showed significant values

Combining ability for yield and fruit quality in the pepper Capsicum annuum

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the general and specific combining abilities (GCA and SCA, respectively) of 15 characteristics and to evaluate the most promising crosses and the reciprocal effect between the hybrids of six parents of the Capsicum annuum species. Six parents, belonging to the Horticultural Germplasm Bank of Centro de Ciências Agrárias of Universidade Federal da Paraíba, were crossed in complete diallel manner. The 30 hybrids generated and the parents were then analyzed in a completely randomized design with three replicates. The data were submitted to analysis of variance at 1% probability, and the means were grouped by the Scott-Knott test at 1% probability. The diallel analysis was performed according to the Griffing method, model I and fixed model. Both additive and non-additive effects influenced the hybrids' performance, as indicated by the GCA/SCA ratio. The non-additive effects, epistasis and/or dominance, played a more important role than the additive effects in pedicel length, pericarp thickness, fresh matter, dry matter content, seed yield per fruit, fruit yield per plant, days to fructification, and total soluble solids. The GCA effects were more important than the SCA effects in the fruit weight, fruit length and diameter, placenta length, yield, vitamin C, and titratable acidity characteristics. The results found here clearly show that ornamental pepper varieties can be developed through hybridization in breeding programs with C. annuum

Terapia floral em gatos domésticos (Felis catus, Linnaeus, 1758) portadores do complexo da doença respiratória felina: estudo clínico e hematológico

A terapia floral é considerada, atualmente, prática médica alternativa utilizada em diversas situações clínicas, constituindo possibilidade a mais de prevenção e cura de muitas doenças de natureza física e emocional. Este estudo objetivou pesquisar o efeito das essências do Sistema Brasileiro de Florais Compostos de Joel Aleixo num mesmo grupo de gatos domésticos com sinais clínicos sugestivos de Doença Respiratória Felina (DRF), tratados em diferentes momentos (M0, M1, M2, M3). Foram utilizados 20 gatos domésticos, de ambos os sexos, sem raça definida, com idade média de 5,63 ± 3,02 anos criados em gatil na UFRPE. Os animais foram submetidos ao tratamento com os florais por via oral em duas etapas. Na primeira etapa com os florais Desintus Total e Helminthus Total por 14 dias, e na segunda etapa com os florais Antibius e Regius por 28 dias. Os resultados observados, quanto aos aspectos clínicos, foram redução de secreção nasal, secreção ocular e estertores pulmonares; desaparecimento de sinais clínicos como fezes alteradas, úlceras na cavidade oral, pêlos eriçados e permanência da hipertrofia dos linfonodos. Quanto aos aspectos hematológicos houve interferência nas variáveis relacionadas ao hemograma (hemoglobina, VCM, CHCM, leucócitos, linfócitos e monócitos). Conclui-se que a terapia floral mostrou-se eficaz em gatos domésticos com sinais sugestivos de DRF criados nas mesmas condições de manejo