Dental Caries experience of Haemophilic children aged 1-6 years

Objective: To determine the dental caries experience in haemophilic children aged 1-6 years.Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Dental Department of Children’s Hospital, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences in Islamabad, Pakistan between April 2015 and September 2019 after the Ethical Review Board approval.. All the participants were screened for dental caries using the DMFT index. Examiners were trained & calibrated prior to the screening process. A dental record form was developed for recording the details; this was validated through a pilot study. Descriptive analysis of the data was carried out using SPSS v.20.0.Results: Caries prevalence was found to be 82.8% with a mean dmft score of 3.99 (± 3.07) of which decayed teeth constituted 3.55. The mean dmft scores for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6-years old were 0.80 (±1.42), 2.83 (± 2.39), 3.93(±3.41), 4.11 (± 3.76), 4.42 (± 2.89) and 4.44 (± 2.85) respectively. Among the sample of 273 children 43 (15.8%) children claimed that they regularly brush their teeth twice a day, 134 (49.1%) brushed once a day while 96 (35.2%) children stated that they did not brush their teeth at all. Conclusion: Dental Caries is more prevalent in haemophilic children as compared to their normal healthy counterparts. The need for preventive measures & better healthcare facilities was also realized

A Rare Presentation of Cryptococcal Meningitis in a Treatment-Naive Patient with Sarcoidosis

Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated, yeast-like fungus that commonly lives in the environment due to soil contamination by the faeces of birds, especially pigeons. Cryptococcus is an opportunistic fungal infection frequently diagnosed in immunocompromised patients with HIV, steroid use, malignancy, history of organ transplantation, or, rarely, sarcoidosis. There have been only a few reports of cryptococcus infection in sarcoidosis patients who were not on steroid treatment. Here, we highlight the importance of considering opportunistic fungal infection in asymptomatic treatment-naive sarcoidosis patients. We present a patient with a history of asymptomatic, treatment-naive sarcoidosis who presented with headache and was diagnosed with cryptococcal meningitis in the presence of an idiopathic T-cell lymphopenia

Additional file 1 of Expressional variations of Kaiso: an association with pathological characteristics and field cancerization of OSCC

Additional file 1

Drought affects size, nutritional quality, antioxidant activities and phenolic acids of Moringa oleifera LAM.

To observe variation in growth performance, antioxidant activities, and nutritional quality of Moringa oleifera, we exogenously applied benzyl amino purine (BAP), ascorbic acid, and moringa leaf extract (MLE) to moringa plants at three field capacity levels, 100, 75, and 40% in a completely randomized design with three replications. We observed a decrease in growth, chlorophyll a and b, total phenolic contents, antioxidant activities, crude protein, and mineral contents of moringa leaves at 100 and 40% field capacity in comparison with 75% field capacity. BAP best improved growth performance of moringa plants, improving shoot length, root length, number of leaves and photosynthetic pigments, followed by MLE at 75% field capacity, while moringa plants showed reduced growth at 40% field capacity which was increased by BAP and MLE foliar application. Maximum contents of gallic acid, p-coumaric acid and sinapic acid were found in moringa leaves when the plants were sprayed with ascorbic acid while p-hydroxybenzoic acid and caffeic acid were maximally increased under 75% field capacity when the plants were subjected to BAP followed by MLE. The lowest and highest crude protein, calcium, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorous contents were recorded under 40 and 75% field capacity, with MLE impro-ving these contents under both conditions. It can safely be concluded that moringa plants showed retarded growth under 100 and 40% field capacity, and that the effects of deficit in nutritional quality were mitigated by applying BAP and MLE. Among these two plant growth regulators, MLE can be preferred being a natural source

In silico Analysis of Renilla Muelleri, Photinus Pyralis and Metridia Longa Luciferase

Luciferase derived from different organism is widely used for various biological process in the cells or tissues. Current in silico study was done to investigate the protein-substrate interactions of Renilla muelleri, Metridia longa and Photinus pyralis luciferase with their respective substrates coelenterazine, Luciferin, and ATP. RaptorX which is an online tool was used for luciferase modeling. PyRx v9.0 was used for protein-substrate binding. Online server Cluspro was used for protein-protein docking. CASTp was used for protein active site pocket prediction. Photinus pyralis luciferase was bonded with ATP molecules through Glu83, Asp153, Asp44, Ser85, Gln87 and His171, while Photinus Pyralis luciferase was bonded with luciferin molecules through five different residues i.e. His171, Arg62, Met90, Leu63 and Val168. Photinus pyralis residues that were docked with ATP and luciferin molecules were present in N terminal domain of Photinus pyralis luciferase. In case of Renilla muelleri, catalytic residues, His285 was present in its all the docking complex. Renilla muelleri and Metridia longa luciferase were also docked with different substrate and found that efficiency of Renilla muelleri and Metridia longa luciferase was lower towards Photinus pyralis substrates as compared to their own substrate coelentereazine. According to the findings, it has been concluded that luciferase of every light emitting organism required specific (its own) substrate for proper light reaction