Verification of a Chemical Nonequilibrium Flows Solver Using the Method of Manufactured Solutions

AbstractThis paper presents code verification of a chemically nonequilibrium flows solver using the method of manufacturedsolutions.The Method of Manufactured Solutions(MMS) is a general approach for creating exact solutions to the governing equations and can be used in the code verification process. In the MMS, the analytical solutions for the flow variables are first constructed, then the governing equations are modified to satisfy these solutions by adding appropriate source terms which are generated by applying the governing equations to these solutions. After that, code verification process will start. The order of accuracy of the calculations will be computed and compared with theoretical order of accuracy to determine if the code passes the verification test. We created manufactured solutions for two different sets of Euler equations. One set includes the total density equation plus ns-1 species equations and the other contains only species continuity equations. The results show that the form of continuity equations has little influence on the behaviour of global conservative variable errors as the mesh is refined. Our study also indicates that a complete chemical reaction model is preferred to ensure the convergence of observed order of accuracy is smooth in the order of accuracy test

The research infrastructure of Chinese foundations, a database for Chinese civil society studies

This paper provides technical details and user guidance on the Research Infrastructure of Chinese Foundations (RICF), a database of Chinese foundations, civil society, and social development in general. The structure of the RICF is deliberately designed and normalized according to the Three Normal Forms. The database schema consists of three major themes: foundations’ basic organizational profile (i.e., basic profile, board member, supervisor, staff, and related party tables), program information (i.e., program information, major program, program relationship, and major recipient tables), and financial information (i.e., financial position, financial activities, cash flow, activity overview, and large donation tables). The RICF’s data quality can be measured by four criteria: data source reputation and credibility, completeness, accuracy, and timeliness. Data records are properly versioned, allowing verification and replication for research purposes

A Mixing Coupling Scheme for Spectra of Singly Heavy Baryons with Spin-1 Diquarks in P-waves

A new scheme of state classification is proposed and applied to analyze masses of the heavy baryons $\Omega_{Q}$, $\Sigma_{Q}$ and $\Xi_{Q}^{\prime}$ in P-waves. The results confirm all excited $\Omega_{c}$ and $\Omega_{b}$ baryons reported recently by LHCb to be bound states of a P-wave $ss$-diquark and a respective charm or bottom quark, and thereby predict Regge trajectories for more excited $\Omega_{c}$ and $\Omega_{b}$ baryons. We suggest one excited {$J^{P}=5/2^{-}$} $\Omega_{b}$ state to be unseen by LHCb around $6352$ MeV, and predict P-wave masses of all spin-partners of the odd-parity baryons $\Sigma_{c}(2800)/\Xi_{c}^{\prime}(2942)$ and $\Sigma_{b}(6097)$/$\Xi_{b}^{\prime }(6227)$. A computation is further given in a relativized potential quark models to explain matched values of spin couplings of all considered baryons, by which a scaling law for these spin couplings is discussed.Comment: 28 pages, 3 figures in total, with one new figure (FIG. 3) and one new section (Section VI) added in this enlarged version(V3). Due to twice extensions (Section V and Section VI added) including two newly added figures(FIG. 2 and FIG. 3), we also changed the title correspondingl

Search for the Contamination Source of Butyltin Compounds in Wine: Agglomerated Cork Stoppers

A possible butyltin contamination source in wine was studied in this paper. Agglomerated cork stoppers, which were produced in Portugal, Spain, and Italy, used in wine bottles were examined. The domestic cork products, cork granules, and mucus used for cork products were also analyzed. The levels of mono- and dibutyltin compounds in corks were found in the range from <0.0024 to 3.3 and from <0.0029 to 6.7 mug of Sn/g, respectively. A low level of tributyltin contamination was also found in 2 of 31 tested samples. The presence of butyltin compounds in agglomerated cork stoppers was confirmed by GC-MS. Experimental results indicated that all overseas agglomerated cork stoppers studied contained mono- and/or dibutyltins. Butyltins were not detected in cork granules, mucus, most of the natural cork stoppers, and domestic agglomerated cork products. The concentrations of mono- and dibutyltins increased with the time in a 30-day experiment, showing that butyltin compounds can leach from agglomerated cork to the wine. When the butyltin concentrations in wine samples were compared with their levels in the corresponding agglomerated cork stoppers, a correlation was found. The potential harm of such food contamination was evaluated by the toxic research of butyltin compounds using Daphnia sp. as the experimental model

PSAT1 prompted cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis in multiple myeloma through regulating PI3K/AKT pathway

Purpose: To identify the biological function of phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1) in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis in multiple myeloma (MM).Methods: The mRNA and protein levels of PSAT1 were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting, respectively. Cell proliferation was measured using CCK-8 assay.Results: PSAT1 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly increased in MM cell lines when compared to control cells. Moreover,  downregulation of PSAT1 inhibited MM cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis, whereas overexpression of PSAT1 promoted MM cell  proliferation and suppressed cell apoptosis. Further analysis demonstrated that the underlying mechanism was via regulation of PI3K/AKT pathway.Conclusion: The results identified a novel role for PSAT1 in the progression of MM, which may provide a therapeutic and a new anticancer target for the therapy of MM. Keywords: Multiple myeloma, PSAT1, Cell proliferation, PI3K/AKT pathwa

The research progress of pressure ulcers and action mechanism of negative pressure wound therapy

压力性溃疡（PU）作为截瘫、昏迷及各种原因导致的长时间卧床患者的常见并发症，从最初的理论研究到现在的临床实践，其治疗方法产生了重大变化。负压创面疗法(NPWT）作为近20年来兴起的技术，其封闭、负压等特点，可以针对性作用于PU病程中的各种机制，在治疗PU方面取得了良好的临床效果。本文就PU的病因及发病机制研究进展及NPWT在PU治疗中的作用做一综述。Pressure ulcer (PU) is a common complication in patients with long time lying in bed due to paraplegia, coma and various reasons. It has produced significant changes in clinical practice from the initial theoretical study to the present clinical practice. As the new rising technology in the nearly 20 years, negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) can be targeted at the various mechanisms of PU due to its closeness, negative pressure and other characteristics. It has achieved good curative effect in the treatment of PU. This article reviews the research progress on the etiology and pathogenesis of PU, and the role of NPWT in the treatment of PU

A new animal model of spontaneous autoimmune peripheral polyneuropathy: implications for Guillain-Barré syndrome

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous autoimmune peripheral neuropathy including Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) represents as one of the serious emergencies in neurology. Although pathological changes have been well documented, molecular and cellular mechanisms of GBS are still under-explored, partially due to short of appropriate animal models. The field lacks of spontaneous and translatable models for mechanistic investigations. As GBS is preceded often by viral or bacterial infection, a condition can enhance co-stimulatory activity; we sought to investigate the critical role of T cell co-stimulation in this autoimmune disease. RESULTS: Our previous study reported that transgene-derived constitutive expression of co-stimulator B7.2 on antigen presenting cells of the nervous tissues drove spontaneous neurological disorders. Depletion of CD4(+) T cells in L31 mice accelerated the onset and increased the prevalence of the disease. In the current study, we further demonstrated that L31/CD4(-/-) mice exhibited both motor and sensory deficits, including weakness and paresis of limbs, numbness to mechanical stimuli and hypersensitivity to thermal stimulation. Pathological changes were characterized by massive infiltration of macrophages and CD8(+) T cells, demyelination and axonal damage in peripheral nerves, while changes in spinal cords could be secondary to the PNS damage. In symptomatic L31/CD4(-/-) mice, the disruption of the blood neural barriers was observed mainly in peripheral nerves. Interestingly, the infiltration of immune cells was initiated in pre-symptomatic L31/CD4(-/-) mice, prior to the disease onset, in the DRG and spinal roots where the blood nerve barrier is virtually absent. CONCLUSIONS: L31/CD4(-/-) mice mimic most parts of clinical and pathological signatures of GBS in human; thus providing an unconventional opportunity to experimentally explore the critical events that lead to spontaneous, autoimmune demyelinating disease of the peripheral nervous system