The role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) during ovarian follicular development in sheep

BACKGROUND: Recently, several members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily have been shown to be essential for regulating the growth and differentiation of ovarian follicles and thus fertility. METHODS: Ovaries of neonatal and adult sheep were examined for expression of the TGF-betas 1–3 and their receptors (RI and RII) by in situ hybridization using ovine cDNAs. The effects of TGF-beta 1 and 2 on proliferation and differentiation of ovine granulosa cells in vitro were also studied. RESULTS: The expression patterns of TGF-beta 1 and 2 were similar in that both mRNAs were first observed in thecal cells of type 3 (small pre-antral) follicles. Expression of both mRNAs continued to be observed in the theca of larger follicles and was also present in cells within the stroma and associated with the vascular system of the ovary. There was no evidence for expression in granulosa cells or oocytes. Expression of TGF-beta 3 mRNA was limited to cells associated with the vascular system within the ovary. TGFbetaRI mRNA was observed in oocytes from the type 1 (primordial) to type 5 (antral) stages of follicular growth and granulosa and thecal cells expressed this mRNA at the type 3 (small pre-antral) and subsequent stages of development. The TGFbetaRI signal was also observed in the ovarian stroma and vascular cells. In ovarian follicles, mRNA encoding TGFbetaRII was restricted to thecal cells of type 3 (small pre-antral) and larger follicles. In addition, expression was also observed in some cells of the surface epithelium and in some stromal cells. In granulosa cells cultured for 6 days, both TGF-beta 1 and 2 decreased, in a dose dependent manner, both the amount of DNA and concentration of progesterone. CONCLUSION: In summary, mRNA encoding both TGF-beta 1 and 2 were synthesized by ovarian theca, stroma and cells of the vascular system whereas TGF-beta 3 mRNA was synthesized by vascular cells. Luteinizing granulosa cells also responded to both TGF-beta 1 and beta 2 in vitro. These findings in sheep are consistent with TGF-beta potentially being an important autocrine regulator of thecal cell function and possibly a paracrine regulator of ovarian cell function at various development stages

Housing Design Evaluation Research for People Living with Cognitive Change: A Systematic Literature Review

Research suggests that improvements to home design may enable us to live better with cognitive change as we age. However, few innovations have been fully evaluated. The paper systematically reviews 47 items of evaluative literature. Research design and quality are varied. Qualitative analysis of literature demonstrates the need for a holistic approach that includes older people’s diverse perspectives, examples of promising practice that responds to individual needs, and gaps in research on scalability and economic viability of innovations. The context of design improvements is found to be critical

Othering Older People’s Housing: Gaming Ageing to Support Future-Planning

The ‘othering’ of ageing is linked to an integrated process of ageism and hinders future planning for both individuals and practitioners delivering housing and health services. This paper aims to explore how creative interventions can help personalise, exchange knowledge and lead to systems change that tackles the ‘othering’ of ageing. The Designing Homes for Healthy Cognitive Ageing (DesHCA) project offers new and creative insights through an innovative methodology utilising ‘serious games’ with a co-produced tool called ‘Our House’ that supports insight on how to deliver housing for older people for ageing well in place. In a series of playtests with over 128 people throughout the UK, the findings show that serious games allow interaction, integration and understanding of how ageing affects people professionality and personally. The empirical evidence highlights that the game mechanisms allowed for a more in-depth and nuanced consideration of ageing in a safe and creative environment. These interactions and discussions enable individuals to personalise and project insights to combat the ‘othering’ of ageing. However, the solutions are restrained as overcoming the consequences of ageism is a societal challenge with multi-layered solutions. The paper concludes that serious gaming encourages people to think differently about the concept of healthy ageing – both physically and cognitively – with consideration of scalable and creative solutions to prepare for ageing-in-place

Consumer and Healthcare Professional Led Priority Setting for Quality Use of Medicines in People with Dementia: Gathering Unanswered Research Questions

Background: Historically, research questions have been posed by the pharmaceutical industry or researchers, with little involvement of consumers and healthcare professionals. Objective: To determine what questions about medicine use are important to people living with dementia and their care team and whether they have been previously answered by research. Methods: The James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership process was followed. A national Australian qualitative survey on medicine use in people living with dementia was conducted with consumers (people living with dementia and their carers including family, and friends) and healthcare professionals. Survey findings were supplemented with key informant interviews and relevant published documents (identified by the research team). Conventional content analysis was used to generate summary questions. Finally, evidence checking was conducted to determine if the summary questions were 'unanswered'. Results: A total of 545 questions were submitted by 228 survey participants (151 consumers and 77 healthcare professionals). Eight interviews were conducted with key informants and four relevant published documents were identified and reviewed. Overall, analysis resulted in 68 research questions, grouped into 13 themes. Themes with the greatest number of questions were related to co-morbidities, adverse drug reactions, treatment of dementia, and polypharmacy. Evidence checking resulted in 67 unanswered questions. Conclusion: A wide variety of unanswered research questions were identified. Addressing unanswered research questions identified by consumers and healthcare professionals through this process will ensure that areas of priority are targeted in future research to achieve optimal health outcomes through quality use of medicines

Building Information Resilience: How do Resettling Refugees Connect with Health Information in Regional Landscapes - Implications for Health Literacy

The study explores how resettling refugees experience a new health environment and develop health literacy practice. The concept of information resilience, which emerges from the grounded experiences of learning to live well is introduced. The study also explores how health narratives are constructed, disseminated and circulated by this particular cohort

A Study of the Information Practices of Afghan Newcomer Youth in the Contexts of Leisure and Settlement

AbstractThis exploratory, qualitative study examines the information seeking, sharing and use of young Afghan newcomers to Canada. Through in-depth interviews with seven youth, supplemented by key informant interviews and extensive participant observation, I examined the information practices of youth in the contexts of leisure and settlement. The findings point to the challenges youth faced in meeting their information needs, as well as the complexity, nuance and tension youth found in their leisure pursuits. Leisure was not a single, unified concept for newcomer youth, and the activities youth took part in included a wide range of pleasures, with some constraints and even contradictions as well. By offering a snapshot of the lives and information practices of a group of newcomer youth, this research makes a contribution to information studies research as it adds to the growing body of human information behaviour (HIB) literature regarding the information practices of immigrants and refugees. It documents the information practices and leisure of newcomers, focusing on two understudied groups - refugees and youth - but also uniquely situates these practices within the broader context of settlement. The contextualization of HIB research on immigrants and refugees is vital if we are to better understand newcomers' lives and practices, as well as design and deliver services that meet their needs.Ph.D

Methods, practice, theory: Researching human information behavior in the context of migration

This session uses a roundtable format to bring together researchers working on human information behavior (HIB) and non dominant groups. As a session, we focus on the study of transnational migration, with the understanding that many of the issues faced by researchers in this area are shared by projects on other non-dominant groups. Our objective is to foster conversation among a community of active researchers on the theoretical, methodological, professional and political aspects of migration. The term migration is here considered broadly, so as to include not only movement between countries, but also movement between the urban and rural, permanently or temporarily, once or repeatedly. Rather than discussing individual research projects in depth, we will share methodological challenges of studying migration; relevant interdisciplinary theory or theories that provide insight into migrational experience in the context of information practices; and extensions of research to professional work of information institutions. Our key objective is to provide a space that brings together a community of researchers who share similar interests in (and face similar challenges with) qualitative research with non-dominant groups.published or submitted for publicationis peer reviewe