(193) Proposal to democratize aspects of the governance of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants

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Phylogeny of the tribe Aveneae (Pooideae, Poaceae) inferred from plastid trnT-F and nuclear its sequences

New insights into evolutionary trends in the economically important oat tribe (Aveneae) are presented. Plastid trnT-F and nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences were used to reconstruct the phylogeny of the Aveneae–Poeae–Seslerieae complex (Pooideae, Poaceae) through Bayesian- and maximum parsimony-based analyses, separately and in combination. The plastid data identified a strongly supported core Aveneae lineage that separated from other former Aveneae and Poeae groups. Koeleriinae, Aveninae, and Agrostidinae emerged as the main groups of this core Aveneae, which also included other minor subgroups with uncertain relationships and a few former Poeae members. Several former Aveneae representatives were also placed in independent sublineages in Poeae. Seslerieae resolved as close allies of Poeae or Aveneae in the plastid and nuclear topologies, respectively. Because of the intermingling of some Aveneae and Seslerieae lineages in Poeae and vice versa, we propose to expand Poeae to include all the aforementioned lineages. This best reflects our current understanding of the phylogeny of these important temperate grasses and sheds light on their evolutionary history.Peer reviewe

Preliminary checklist of vascular plants of Bioko Island (Equatorial Guinea)

[EN]We present a list of taxa of vascular plants growing on Bioko (Equatorial Guinea). We are aware that there are still many unexplored areas,so it should be consider just as a first draft list. It is based on both herbarium specimens and on bibliographic references. The complete data, supporting each record, can be consulted in our online database at http://www.floradeguinea.com/herbario/. To the moment, there are known 2029 taxa from the island.[ES]Presentamos el catálogo de táxones de plantas vasculares que crecen en Bioko (Guinea Ecuatorial). Somos conscientes de que existen aun numerosas zonas inexploradas, de manera que debe ser considerada únicamente como una lista preliminar. El catálogo está basado tanto en material de herbario como en referencias bibliográficas. Los datos sobre los que se basa cada cita pueden consultarse directamente en nuestra base de datos en http://www.floradeguinea.com/herbario/. Hasta el momento se conocen 2029 taxones de la isla.This work was financed by the Spanish Government through the Research Project CGL2012-32934.Peer reviewe

Phylogeny and biogeography of Calamagrostis (Poaceae: Pooideae: Poeae: Agrostidinae), description of a new genus, Condilorachia (Calothecinae), and expansion of Greeneochloa and Pentapogon (Echinopogoninae)

To investigate the evolutionary relationships and biogeographical history among the species of Calamagrostis and other members of subtribes Agrostidinae, Calothecinae, Echinopogoninae, and Paramochloinae, we generated a phylogeny based on DNA sequences from one nuclear ribosomal (ITS) and three plastid regions (rpl32-trnL spacer, rps16-trnK spacer, and rps16 intron). Based on our phylogeny, we identified seven species groups (clades) within Calamagrostis: the Meridionalis group comprises two species from Central and South America, the Americana group comprises species from North America, the Deyeuxia and Epigeios groups comprise species from Eurasia, the Orientalis group comprises species from East Asia, the Purpurea group comprises species from Eurasia and North America, and the Calamagrostis group comprises species from Eurasia and North America. We hypothesize that Calamagrostis originated in North America with the primary split of the Meridionalis group, followed by split between the autochthonous Americana group and two future Eurasian branches encompassing all the remaining groups, which possibly dispersed into Eurasia independently. The molecular data suggest that hybridization and genomic introgression played a prominent role in the evolutionary history of Calamagrostis. We propose a new genus, Condilorachia, segregated from Trisetum s.l., with three species from South America for which we propose new combinations: Condilorachia bulbosa, Condilorachia brasiliensis, and Condilorachia juergensii; a new combination in Greeneochloa, Greeneochloa expansa; and the subsumption of Dichelachne into Pentapogon with 20 new combinations: Pentapogon avenoides, Pentapogon brassii, Pentapogon chaseianus, Pentapogon crinita, Pentapogon densus, Pentapogon frigidus, Pentapogon gunnianus, Pentapogon hirtella, Pentapogon inaequiglumis, Pentapogon lautumia, Pentapogon micrantha, Pentapogon parva, Pentapogon quadrisetus, Pentapogon rara, Pentapogon robusta, Pentapogon scaberulus, Pentapogon sclerophyllus, Pentapogon suizanensis, Pentapogon sieberiana, and Pentapogon validus. We provide a diagnosis, description, and a key to the species of Condilorachia

Lurking in the Shadows: A New Species of Drypetes (Putranjivaceae) from Central Africa Hiding in Forest Plots and Herbaria

Here we publish a new species of forest tree of the genus Drypetes Vahl (Putranjivaceae), D. umbricola D. J. Harris & Quintanar, which has a wide distribution in Central Africa (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, and Republic of the Congo). It is known from 70 herbarium collections and additional sterile plot vouchers. A differential diagnosis, detailed morphological description, photographs, an illustration, and information about its habitat, distribution, and conservation status are provided

Mercados y tianguis en el siglo XXI. Repensando sus problemáticas

Los capítulos que conforman esta obra se acercan a los mercados y tianguis principalmente desde las ciencias sociales, económicas y biológicas. Sin embargo, a diferencia de estudios realizados en décadas pasadas, han encontrado nuevas problemáticas, como, por ejemplo, la relación clientelar de locatarios y tianguistas con agrupaciones mayores y partidos políticos. También se describe la disputa del mercado entre personas locales y turistas, es decir, los problemas que emergen de la museificación de estos espacios. Además, el tema de los supermercados, espacios que han ganado terreno, actualmente no deben disociarse de las lógicas comerciales de consumo.En el mundo globalizado en que vivimos, los mercados y tianguis se enfrentan a procesos de adaptación social, cultural, política y económica. Existen prácticas que continúan mientras que, a la par, aparecen nuevas formas de relacionarse con estos espacios. Por ello, los compiladores del libro, así como las y los especialistas que escriben en él, invitamos a la comunidad lectora a que utilice este libro como un referente que puede ayudarle a descubrir su propio lente para mirar a los mercados y tianguis y, al mismo tiempo, le sirva para reflexionar sobre el papel del consumo en nuestras vidas cotidianas.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Méxic