Algoritmos para Multiplica\c{c}\~ao Matricial

The goal of this article is to study algorithms that compute the product between two matrixes, specifically using the ingenuous methods of Strassen and Strassen-Winograd, which will be presented in Section 2. At present, the cited methods are not the most optimal considering the arithmetic complexity of these algorithms (see Table 1). However, changes to the Strassen and Strassen-Winograd methods will be exposed which will result in a reduction in their memory allocation and/or execution time. The algorithms in this study were implemented using the Julia programming language, version 1.9.1, with the aid of the packages Pluto (notebooks), Plots (graphic visualization of the results) and BenchmarkTools (measurement of memory allocation and execution time of the algorithms). -- O objetivo deste artigo \'e estudar algoritmos que computam o produto entre duas matrizes, mais especificamente utilizando os m\'etodos ing\^enuo, de Strassen e de Strassen-Winograd, que ser\~ao apresentados na Se\c{c}\~ao 2. Atualmente, os m\'etodos citados n\~ao s\~ao os mais otimizados considerando a complexidade aritm\'etica de seus algoritmos (vide Tabela 1). No entanto, ser\~ao expostas modifica\c{c}\~oes dos m\'etodos de Strassen e Strassen-Winograd que conseguem reduzir sua aloca\c{c}\~ao de mem\'oria e/ou tempo de execu\c{c}\~ao. Os algoritmos do problema em estudo foram implementados utilizando a linguagem de programa\c{c}\~ao Julia, na vers\~ao 1.9.1, com o aux\'ilio dos pacotes Pluto (notebooks), Plots (visualiza\c{c}\~ao gr\'afica dos resultados) e BenchmarkTools (medi\c{c}\~ao de aloca\c{c}\~ao de mem\'oria e tempo de execu\c{c}\~ao dos algoritmos).Comment: in Portuguese languag

Depressão pós-parto: conhecendo para intervir

No Brasil, a depressão é considerada um problema de saúde pública, atingindo 2 a 5% da população. Quando é precedida da gestação, do parto e do período pós-parto, é conhecida como Depressão Pós-Parto. É preocupante que o transtorno seja algo consideravelmente presente, principalmente pelo fato de ser um transtorno psiquiátrico, muitas vezes, subdiagnosticado e com influências danosas sobre a vida da mãe e de seu recém-nato. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo revisar os atuais estudos sobre o tema, visando sua compreensão, diagnóstico e correta conduta frente a essa desordem psíquica, além de subsidiar, teoricamente, pesquisa de campo que será realizada sobre a incidência da depressão pós-parto, em cidade do interior do Rio de Janeiro. Para tanto, foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica, explicitando conceitos, sintomatologia, epidemiologia, diagnóstico e tratamento. Considerou-se não somente o conceito de “depressão pós-parto”, mas também “gestação” e “depressão maior”. Como resultados foram obtidos informações sobre a gestação e suas modificações físicas e psíquicas e o puerpério, onde podem ocorrer Tristeza Materna, Psicose Puerperal, Depressão Maior e Depressão Pós-Parto. Além disso, considerações foram feitas sobre o papel fundamental do médico e de sua relação com a paciente, em todas as etapas do atendimento: diagnóstico, tratamento e superação da depressão pós-parto

Enriched two dimensional mixed finite element models for linear elasticity with weak stress symmetry

The purpose of this article is to derive and analyze new discrete mixed approximations for linear elasticity problems with weak stress symmetry. These approximations are based on the application of enriched versions of classic Poisson-compatible spaces, for stress and displacement variables, and/or on enriched Stokes-compatible space configurations, for the choice of rotation spaces used to weakly enforce stress symmetry. Accordingly, the stress space has to be adapted to ensure stability. Such enrichment procedures are done via space increments with extra bubble functions, which have their support on a single element (in the case of H1-conforming approximations) or with vanishing normal components over element edges (in the case of H(div)-conforming spaces). The advantage of using bubbles as stabilization corrections relies on the fact that all extra degrees of freedom can be condensed, in a way that the number of equations to be solved and the matrix structure are not affected. Enhanced approximations are observed when using the resulting enriched space configurations, which may have different orders of accuracy for the different variables. A general error analysis is derived in order to identify the contribution of each kind of bubble increment on the accuracy of the variables, individually. The use of enriched Poisson spaces improves the rates of convergence of stress divergence and displacement variables. Stokes enhancement by bubbles contributes to equilibrate the accuracy of weak stress symmetry enforcement with the stress approximation order, reaching the maximum rate given by the normal traces (which are not affected)7992678270

Effect of oil-based formulations of acaripathogenic fungi to control Rhipicephalus microplus ticks under laboratory conditions

AbstractThe formulations of acaripathogenic fungi to control ticks have been widely studied. The present study evaluated the efficacy of oil-based formulations of Metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato (s.l.), isolate Ma 959, and Beauveria bassiana, isolate Bb 986, on different Rhipicephalus microplus stages, comparing the efficacy between aqueous suspensions and 10, 15 and 20% mineral oil formulations. Twelve groups were formed: one aqueous control group; three mineral oil control groups, at 10, 15 or 20%; two aqueous fungal suspensions of M. anisopliae s.l. or B. bassiana; and three formulations of M. anisopliae (s.l.) or B. bassiana containing 10, 15, and 20% mineral oil. To prepare aqueous suspensions and oily formulations, fungal isolates were cultivated on rice grains in polypropylene bags. The conidial suspensions and formulations had a concentration of 108conidia/mL. Bioassays were repeated twice. After treatment, the following biological parameters of engorged females were evaluated: hatching percentage, egg production index, nutritional index, and percentage of tick control. The following parameters were evaluated in the bioassays with eggs: period of incubation, period of hatch, and hatching percentage. Mortality was evaluated in bioassays with larvae. M. anisopliae s.l. and B. bassiana oil-based formulations were more effective than aqueous suspensions against R. microplus eggs, larvae and engorged females, however, there was no significant difference between the three oil concentrations used. M. anisopliae s.l. and B. bassiana formulated in mineral oil reached 93.69% and 21.67% efficacy, respectively, while M. anisopliae s.l. and B. bassiana aqueous suspensions attained 18.70% and 1.72% efficacy, respectively. M. anisopliae s.l. oil-based formulations caused significant effects in all biological parameters of engorged females while B. bassiana oil-based formulations modified significantly the nutritional index only. Eggs treated with M. anisopliae s.l. and B. bassiana oil-based formulations showed hatching rates that decreased 102.5 and 3.65 times, respectively. In the bioassay with larvae, M. anisopliae s.l. oil-based formulations caused nearly 100% mortality five days after treatment, while larva treated with B. bassiana oil-based formulations reached 100% mortality at day 20 after treatment. Larva from oil-based control groups showed mortality at day 15 after treatment, which indicated a possible toxic effect of the oil for this R. microplus stage. The results showed that the fungal mineral oil formulations tested were more effective than the aqueous suspension. Oil-based formulations at 10, 15 and 20% enhanced the activity of M. anisopliae s.l. Ma 959, and B. bassiana Bb 986, isolates against R. microplus eggs, larvae, and engorged females tick. Mineral oil was effective as an adjuvant in formulations of M. anisopliae s.l., Ma 959, and B. bassiana, Bb 986, for the control of R. microplus under laboratory conditions

Efeito da segregação e solubilização do MgO na morfologia de pós de ZrO2 durante a síntese pelo método Pechini Effect of MgO segregation and solubilization on the morphology of ZrO2 powders during synthesis by the Pechini's method

Trabalhos realizados em vários sistemas de óxidos cerâmicos têm demonstrado que a segregação dos íons durante a síntese de materiais cerâmicos pelo método Pechini tem conseqüências muito importantes tanto para a morfologia dos pós como para a sinterização. Este trabalho tem como objetivo estabelecer a influência da segregação/solubilização do MgO na morfologia e na sinterização de pós à base de ZrO2. O estudo foi realizado em pós preparados por síntese química derivada do método Pechini a 500 °C por 15 h. Observa-se que para concentrações de MgO até o limite de solubilidade no ZrO2 ocorre o crescimento de partículas e uma diminuição da área de superfície específica por causa da solubilização e do aumento do coeficiente de difusão pela geração de vacâncias de oxigênio. Contudo, após o limite de solubilidade, ocorre um aumento gradual da área de superfície específica devido à segregação dos íons na superfície dos pós e à diminuição da energia de superfície. Concentrações de MgO até 60 % molar foram utilizadas e áreas de superfície específica tão elevadas quanto 120 m²/g foram obtidas, mas as fases cristalinas formadas foram exclusivamente da zircônia solução sólida sem a presença de fases cristalinas de MgO.<br>Studies carried out in several ceramic oxide systems have shown that segregation of ions during synthesis of ceramic materials by the Pechini's method has important morphology consequences for the powder. The aim of this paper is to establish the influence of the MgO segregation/solubilization on the morphology of ZrO2 powders. The study was performed in powders prepared by chemical synthesis derived from the Pechini's method at 500 ºC for 15 h. It is observed that MgO concentrations up to the solubility limit promote ZrO2 particle coarsening and a reduction of specific surface area by increasing the diffusion coefficient. However, MgO amounts higher than the solubility limit increase the specific surface area due to the segregation of Mg ions onto powder surfaces, and the decrease of surface energy. MgO concentrations as high as 60 mol % were used and specific surface areas about 120 m²/g were achieved. However, only zirconia solid solution crystalline phase was observed, without MgO crystalline phases

Virulence potential of Metarhizium anisopliae s.l. isolates on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus larvae

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2018-11-08T12:09:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Aurea_ML_Moraes_etal_IOC_2012.pdf: 502512 bytes, checksum: 6b7c0bd1a1e3c5ea1c5bc4dfe8db8cd9 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2018-11-08T12:21:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Aurea_ML_Moraes_etal_IOC_2012.pdf: 502512 bytes, checksum: 6b7c0bd1a1e3c5ea1c5bc4dfe8db8cd9 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-08T12:21:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aurea_ML_Moraes_etal_IOC_2012.pdf: 502512 bytes, checksum: 6b7c0bd1a1e3c5ea1c5bc4dfe8db8cd9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Veterinária. Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias. Seropédica, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Veterinária. Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias. Seropédica, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Veterinária. Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias. Seropédica, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Veterinária. Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias. Seropédica, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Veterinária. Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias. Seropédica, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Veterinária. Departamento de Parasitologia Animal. Seropédica, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Taxonomia, Bioquímica e Bioprospecção de Fungos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Veterinária. Departamento de Parasitologia Animal. Seropédica, RJ, Brasil.The use of entomopathogenic fungi to control arthropods has been reported worldwide for decades. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the virulence of 30 Metarhizium anisopliae s.l. Brazilian isolates from different geographical regions, hosts or substrates on the larvae of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks under in vitro conditions to the selection of virulent isolates in order to be further used in biological control programs. The current study confirmed the lethal action of M. anisopliae s.l. isolates on R. (B.) microplus larvae with different mortality levels, usually directly proportional to the conidia concentration. No relationship was found between the origin of the isolate and its virulence potential or between the virulence potential and conidia production. Three isolates (CG 37, CG 384 and IBCB 481) caused a high percentage of larval mortality, reaching LC50 at 106 conidia ml−1, thus requiring a lower conidia concentration to cause an approximately 100% larval mortality. The results of this study suggest that these three isolates are the most promising for use in programs aimed at microbial control in the field

Commercial formulation of Metarhizium anisopliae for the control of Rhipicephalus microplus in a pen study.

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The influence of conidial pr1 protease on pathogenicity potential of Metarhizium anisopliae senso latu to ticks

Pr1 is a subtilisin-like protease produced by Metarhizium spp. entomopathogenic fungi, and it is recognized as heavily involved in the initial steps of the fungal invasion of arthropod-host cuticles. In the current study, correlation was sought between mortality of tick larvae and conidial Pr1 levels of one Metarhizium anisopliae senso latu (s.l.) isolate (CG 148). Conidia with different levels of pr1 gene expression and enzymatic activity were obtained by producing them on either artificial medium (to yield low Pr1 activity) or on Rhipicephalus microplus cadavers (to yield high Pr1 activity). Conidial proteolytic activity was assessed using N-suc-ala-ala-pro-phe-ρNA as the chromogenic substrate, and pr1 expression was profiled by qPCR using three genes (gpd, try, and tef) as reference genes. Pr1 enzymatic (proteolytic) activity on conidia obtained from tick cadavers was 36 U mg(-1) in comparison to 4 U mg(-1) on conidia from PDA medium. Also, pr1 gene expression level was ten times higher in conidia from tick cadavers compared to PDA medium. Bioassays of M. anisopliae s.l. CG 148 spores with elevated Pr1 proteolytic activity and gene expression levels did not demonstrate increased virulence (= significant change percent mortality of tick larvae). The minimal levels of Pr1 on conidia produced on artificial medium was adequate to afford high levels of virulence, and the elevated amounts of the enzyme on tick-cadaver-produced conidia did not induce elevated larval mortality. As long as some Pr1 activity was present, fungal virulence of isolate CG 148 against tick larvae was not elevated by increased levels of conidial Pr1