A computational study of substituted flavylium salts and their quinonoidal conjugate-bases: S0 -> S1 electronic transition, absolute pKa and reduction potential calculations by DFT and semiempirical methods

The electronic transitions for flavylium cations and quinonoidal bases of 17 substituted flavylium salts have been studied at semiempirical and DFT (density functional theory) levels. Solvent effect on electronic spectra was included by Polarizable Continuum Model, PCM. We assigned longest-wavelength absorption maxima to HOMO -> LUMO transition. Both levels of theory gave good results for electronic transitions of flavylium cations whereas only TDDFT-PCM calculations could be used for electronic transitions of their quinonoidal bases. We also performed absolute pKa calculations of nine flavylium salts at DFT level. The pKa calculated values by our PCM parameterization gave excellent results with mean absolute deviation less than a half of one pKa unit. One-electron reduction potentials were carried out for 5 flavylium cations at DFT level. The theoretical results found were in good agreement with experimental values after adjustment for a systematic deviation

Consequences of sexual harassment in sport for female athletes

Sexual harassment research was first undertaken in the workplace and educational settings. Research on sexual harassment in sport is scarce but has grown steadily since the mid-1980s. Even so, very little is known about the causes and/or characteristics and/or consequences of sexual harassment in sport settings. This article reports on the findings from interviews with 25 elite female athletes in Norway who indicated in a prior survey (N =572) that they had experienced sexual harassment from someone in sport. The consequences of the incidents of sexual harassment that were reported were mostly negative, but some also reported that their experiences of sexual harassment had had no consequences for them. “Thinking about the incidents”, a “destroyed relationship to the coach”, and “more negative view of men in general” were the most often negative consequences mentioned. In addition, a surprising number had chosen to move to a different sport or to drop out of elite sport altogether because of the harassment

Dye-sensitized solar cells based on dimethylamino-π-bridge-pyranoanthocyanin dyes

UID/QUI/50006/2019 PTDC/QEQ-QFI/1971/2014 PD/BD/135087/2017 SFRH/BD/136556/2018 SFRH/BD/143309/2019 IF/00225/2015 DL57/2016 Program Contract (HC). UID/CTM/50025/2019 PTDC/CTM-ENE/5125/2014 CNPq 444061/2018-5 Universal grant 408181/2016-3The pyranoanthocyanins present in red wine display great potential as photosensitizers in bio-inspired Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs). Following a biomimetic approach, a series of amino-π-bridge-pyranoanthocyanin derivatives were employed as dye sensitizers in DSSCs. The dimethylamine group was selected to take advantage of its electron-donor character and the possibility of ‘dual-mode anchoring’ ([sbnd]OH vs. dimethylamino) to titanium dioxide. The increase in π-conjugation via insertion of C[dbnd]C bonds affected molecule flexibility, electron-donor ability and the pH-dependent equilibria of the pyranoanthocyanin derivatives. The current vs. potential properties of photoanodes using these dyes pointed to essential features of the relationship between power conversion efficiency and dye structure. These included the influences of the dimethylamine group, of π-conjugation and of substitution in ring B on the adsorption of the dyes to TiO2 and on the overall performance of the DSSCs prepared from them with and without added acid. An overall efficiency of 2.55% was obtained for the best performing compound, 4-(dimethylamino)-cinnamyl-pyranocyanidin-3-O-glucoside (JO3), which consolidates the importance of this family of compounds as potential dye-sensitizers for DSSC applications.authorsversionpublishe