Proyecto ambiental escolar (PRAE) como estrategia para establecer comportamientos ambientales en la Iistitución Educativa Santa Fe, Montería – Córdoba

Los cambios en las dinámicas ambientales actuales han hecho que desde la escuela se avance en el planteamiento y ejecución de estrategias para frenar el deterioro ambiental. Así, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue la articulación del Proyecto Ambiental Escolar (PRAE), de manera que permita incorporar compromisos que desarrollen nuevos comportamientos ambientales en los estudiantes de la Institución Educativa Santa Fe, ubicada en la zona rural del municipio de Montería-Córdoba. Para ello, se empleó una metodología con enfoque cualitativo-descriptivo, bajo el diseño de la Investigación Acción (IA), ejecutándose tres fases, en las que se vinculó a directivos, docentes y estudiantes, valorando las percepciones sobre las problemáticas relacionadas con la educación ambiental y las potencialidades socio-comportamentales del contexto, con lo que se restructuraron las distintas fases del PRAE usando como referencia la Guía metodológica para la formulación del diseño de PRAE. En el desarrollo se identificó el poco el interés de la institución educativa de mantener actualizado y en proceso de mejora continua al Proyecto Ambiental Escolar, al igual que la baja articulación y transversalidad de la educación ambiental desde las áreas del saber. Se concluyó que es importante la implementación, evaluación y seguimiento del PRAE para la dinamización de los procesos pedagógicos que profundicen en el análisis de las problemáticas ambientales propias del contexto y las potencialidades del mismo como estrategia para la apropiación de la educación ambiental.The changes in the current environmental dynamics have made progress from the school in the planning and execution of strategies to stop environmental deterioration. Thus, the objective of this research was the articulation of the School Environmental Project (PRAE), so that it allows incorporating commitments that develop new environmental behaviors in the students of the Santa Fe Educational Institution, located in the rural area of the municipality of Montería- Cordova. For this, a methodology with a qualitative-descriptive approach was used, under the Action Research (IA) design, running three phases, in which managers, teachers and students were linked, assessing the perceptions of the problems related to education. environment and the socio-behavioral potential of the context, with which the different phases of the PRAE were restructured using the Methodological Guide for the formulation of the PRAE design as a reference. In the development, the little interest of the educational institution to keep the School Environmental Project updated and in the process of continuous improvement was identified, as well as the low articulation and transversality of environmental education from the areas of knowledge. It was concluded that the implementation, evaluation and follow-up of the PRAE is important for the dynamization of the pedagogical processes that deepen the analysis of the environmental problems of the context and its potentialities as a strategy for the appropriation of environmental education

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially