Juguete evolutivo de 3 a 6 años

Treball final de Grau en Enginyeria en Disseny Industrial i Desenvolupament de Productes. Codi: DI1048. Curs acadèmic: 2018/2019El objetivo de este proyecto es diseñar una serie de elementos que compongan un juego de habilidad infantil, cuyo precio sea competitivo. El juego debe ser capaz de desarrollar las capacidades motrices del niño y potenciar su memoria y lenguaje. El juego estará destinado a niños y niñas de 3 a 6 años, por lo que se evitarán piezas demasiado pequeñas que puedan ser ingeridas. Además, debe cumplir la normativa específica para este tipo de producto. El rango de edad al que va dirigido el proyecto, es un rango en el que el niño produce grandes cambios, tanto a nivel motriz como a nivel intelectual, es por ello que deberá poder evolucionar con la forma de juego del niño. Se prestará especial atención a los cálculos ergonométricos, ya que las medidas antropométricas son muy variadas en estos rangos de edad. El juego estará diseñado para su uso doméstico, por lo que deberá poderse almacenar de una forma rápida y compacta. No debemos olvidar, que, aunque el juego va dirigido a los niños, los compradores son sus padres, abuelos o tíos, por lo que debe ofrecer aspectos diferenciadores por los que éstas personas decidan escoger este juego y no otro para su niño; como por ejemplo su posible limpieza en lavavajillas

niXi. Juguete de habilidad infantil

Treball de Final de Màster Universitari en Disseny i Fabricació (Pla de 2013). Codi: SIX500. Curs acadèmic 2014-201

Labeling of products from a circular economy perspective

Comunicació presentada al XXII Congreso Internacional de Dirección e Ingeniería de Proyectos. CIDIP 2018 (Madrid, 11-13 de Julio 2018)Recently, European legislation encourages the design of products considering the principles of circular economy. For this, it is necessary that requirements related to this concep, such as durability, reparability, updating, disassembly and the ease of reuse and recycling, are taken into account during the product design process. However, consumers are who play an important role in the demand of product incorporating these requirements. But to be able to identify these products and to recognize the specific requirements included in them, it is necessary that there is an effective communication of them through the labeling of the product. The objective of this study is to identify the icons that consumers best associate with the design requirements demande for a "circular product". To fulfil this aim, existing icons have been selected and new icons have been designed for each circular requirements rel. After a feedback selection process, 5 icons have been chosen for each of the requirements, which have been analyzed by a representative sample of consumers, in order to select the icon that best represents and communicates each "circular" requirement.Recientemente, la legislación a nivel europeo fomenta el diseño de productos considerando los principios de economía circular. Para ello, es necesario que requisitos relacionados con este concepto, como durabilidad, reparabilidad, actualización, desensamblabilidad y la facilidad de reutilización y reciclaje, se consideren durante el proceso de diseño del producto. Sin embargo, son los consumidores los que juegan un papel importante a la hora de demandar productos que incorporen dichos requisitos. Pero para poder identificar a estos productos y reconocer los requisitos específicos que incorporan, es necesario que exista una comunicación efectiva de ellos a través del etiquetado del producto. el objetivo de esta comunicación es identificar los iconos que mejor asocian e identifican los consumidores con los diferentes requisitos de diseño que debe satisfacer un “producto circular”. Para ello, se han seleccionado iconos existentes y se han diseñado iconos propios que pueden vincularse con los requisitos relacionados con la economía circular. Tras un proceso de selección, se han elegido 5 iconos para cada uno de los requisitos, que han sido analizados por una muestra representativa de consumidores, con el fin de seleccionar el icono que mejor representa y comunica cada requisito “circular”

Attitude of the stakeholders involved in the repair and second-hand sale of small household electrical and electronic equipment: Case study in Spain

The European legal framework for Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE) and Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) (Directive 2012/19/EU) prioritises reuse strategies against other valorisation options. Along these lines, this paper examines the awareness and perceptions of reusing small household EEE from the viewpoint of the different stakeholders involved in its end-of-life: repair centres, second-hand shops and consumers. Direct interviews were conducted in which an intended survey, designed specifically for each stakeholder, was answered by a representative sample of each one. The results obtained from repair centres show that small household EEE are rarely repaired, except for minor repairs such as replacing cables, and that heaters, toasters and vacuum cleaners were those most frequently repaired. The difficulty of accessing cheap spare parts or difficulties during the disassembly process are the commonest problems observed by repair technicians. The results obtained from second-hand shops show that irons, vacuum cleaners and heaters are the small household EEE that are mainly received and sold. The results according to consumers indicate that 9.6% of them take their small household EEE to be repaired, while less than 1% has ever bought a second-hand small household EEE. The main arguments for this attitude are they thought that the repair cost would be similar to the price of a new one (for repairs), and hygiene and cleaning reasons (for second-hand sales).The authors are grateful to the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Project DPI2013-40815-R) for funding for this study

Disassembly properties and material characterisation of household small waste electric and electronic equipment

This paper is focused on characterising small waste electric and electronic equipment, specifically small household appliances, from two different points of views: disassembly properties and material identification. The sample for this characterisation was obtained from a selective collection campaign organised in Castellón de la Plana (Spain). A total amount of 833.7 kg (749 units) of small waste electric and electronic equipment was collected, of which 23.3% by weight and 22.4% by units belonged to the subcategory household equipment. This subcategory, composed of appliances such as vacuum cleaners, toasters, sandwich makers, hand blenders, juicers, coffee makers, hairdryers, scales, irons and heaters, was first disassembled in order to analyse different aspects of the disassembly process for each equipment type: type of joints, ease of identification of materials, ease of access to joints for extracting components, ease of separation of components from the whole, uniformity of tools needed for the disassembly process and possibility of reassembly after disassembly. Results show that the most common joints used in these equipment types are snap-fits and screws, although some permanent joints have also been identified. Next, the material composition of each component of each appliance belonging to each equipment type was identified visually and with additional mechanical trials and testing. It can be observed that plastic and electric/electronic components are present in all the equipment types analysed and are also the material fractions that appear with higher percentages in the material composition: 41.1 wt% and 39.1 wt% for the plastic fraction and electric/electronic components, respectively. The most common plastics are: polypropylene (PP), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polycarbonate (PC), while the most common electric/electronic components are: cable, plug and printed circuit boards. Results also show that disassembly properties and material characterisation vary widely from one equipment type to another.The authors wish to thank all the schools and families who collaborated during the campaign for the selective collection of domestic small waste electrical and electronic equipment, and the company Reciplana Recuperacions S.L. for their assistance during the stages of transportation and final treatment of the sample after its characterisation. The authors are also grateful to the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Programa Estatal de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad (Spain) for funding this study (DPI2013-40815-R)

Potential reuse of small household waste electrical and electronic equipment: Methodology and case study

This study proposes a general methodology for assessing and estimating the potential reuse of small waste electrical and electronic equipment (sWEEE), focusing on devices classified as domestic appliances. Specific tests for visual inspection, function and safety have been defined for ten different types of household appliances (vacuum cleaner, iron, microwave, toaster, sandwich maker, hand blender, juicer, boiler, heater and hair dryer). After applying the tests, reuse protocols have been defined in the form of easy-to-apply checklists for each of the ten types of appliance evaluated. This methodology could be useful for reuse enterprises, since there is a lack of specific protocols, adapted to each type of appliance, to test its potential of reuse. After applying the methodology, electrical and electronic appliances (used or waste) can be segregated into three categories: the appliance works properly and can be classified as direct reuse (items can be used by a second consumer without prior repair operations), the appliance requires a later evaluation of its potential refurbishment and repair (restoration of products to working order, although with possible loss of quality) or the appliance needs to be finally discarded from the reuse process and goes directly to a recycling process. Results after applying the methodology to a sample of 87.7 kg (96 units) show that 30.2% of the appliances have no potential for reuse and should be diverted for recycling, while 67.7% require a subsequent evaluation of their potential refurbishment and repair, and only 2.1% of them could be directly reused with minor cleaning operations. This study represents a first approach to the “preparation for reuse” strategy that the European Directive related to Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment encourages to be applied. However, more research needs to be done as an extension of this study, mainly related to the identification of the feasibility of repair or refurbishment operationsDPI2013-40815-R: INCORPORACIÓN DE LA PREPARACIÓN PARA REUTILIZACIÓN EN EL DISEÑO DE PEQUEÑO APARATO ELÉCTRICO Y ELECTRÓNICO PARA IMPULSAR EFICIENCIA EN USO DE RECURO

Options for labelling circular products: Icon design and consumer preferences

The demand of products that incorporate circular requirements depend on consumer perceptions. So effective communication is necessary between the product and consumers through product labelling. The use of specific icons facilitates this communication. This study presents a methodology for identifying the icons that best associate and identify consumers with the different design requirements that a circular product should meet. To do this, a set of icons for each circular requirement (upgrade, disassembly, lifetime extension, repairability and reuse) is presented to a representative sample of consumers who select the preferred one by taking into account different icon characteristics (simplicity, familiarity, semantic distance and aesthetic appeal). To validate the comprehension of the selected icons, ISO 9186-3 was applied to test the association of the selected icons with their corresponding requirement. Multinomial regression models were applied to explore whether any significant differences appeared among the responses obtained (icon selection) by the different respondent profiles. The most significant socio-economic variables were gender and age, while the most significant icon characteristics were semantic distance and aesthetic appeal. The results of this study could be useful for the companies committed to integrate the principles of circular economy into their product design since the use of selected icons can help consumers to identify them. Consumers' understanding is ensured due to the high percentages of correct answers obtained in the validation test (>85%)