4,035 research outputs found
Spontaneous Breaking of Lorentz Symmetry and Vertex Operators for Vortices
We first review the spontaneous Lorentz symmetry breaking in the presence of
massless gauge fields and infraparticles. This result was obtained long time
ago in the context of rigorious quantum field theory by Frohlich et. al. and
reformulated by Balachandran and Vaidya using the notion of superselection
sectors and direction-dependent test functions at spatial infinity for the
non-local observables. Inspired by these developments and under the assumption
that the spectrum of the electric charge is quantized, (in units of a
fundamental charge e) we construct a family of vertex operators which create
winding number k, electrically charged Abelian vortices from the vacuum (zero
winding number sector) and/or shift the winding number by k units. In
particular, we find that for rotating vortices the vertex operator at level k
shifts the angular momentum of the vortex by k \frac{{\tilde q}}{q}, where
\tilde q is the electric charge of the quantum state of the vortex and q is the
charge of the vortex scalar field under the U(1) gauge field. We also show
that, for charged-particle-vortex composites angular momentum eigenvalues shift
by k \frac{{\tilde q}}{q}, {\tilde q} being the electric charge of the
charged-particle-vortex composite. This leads to the result that for
\frac{{\tilde q}}{q} half-odd integral and for odd k our vertex operators flip
the statistics of charged-particle-vortex composites from bosons to fermions
and vice versa. For fractional values of \frac{{\tilde q}}{q}, application of
vertex operator on charged-particle-vortex composite leads in general to
composites with anyonic statistics.Comment: Published version, 15+1 pages, 1 figur
Near-horizon modes and self-adjoint extensions of the Schroedinger operator
We investigate the dynamics of scalar fields in the near-horizon exterior
region of a Schwarzschild black hole. We show that low-energy modes are
typically long-living and might be considered as being confined near the black
hole horizon. Such dynamics are effectively governed by a Schroedinger operator
with infinitely many self-adjoint extensions parameterized by , a
situation closely resembling the case of an ordinary free particle moving on a
semiaxis. Even though these different self-adjoint extensions lead to
equivalent scattering and thermal processes, a comparison with a simplified
model suggests a physical prescription to chose the pertinent self-adjoint
extensions. However, since all extensions are in principle physically
equivalent, they might be considered in equal footing for statistical analyses
of near-horizon modes around black holes. Analogous results hold for any
non-extremal, spherically symmetric, asymptotically flat black hole.Comment: 10 pages, 1 fig, contribution submitted to the volume "Classical and
Quantum Physics: Geometry, Dynamics and Control. (60 Years Alberto Ibort
Fest)" Springer (2018
Localization in the Rindler Wedge
One of the striking features of QED is that charged particles create a
coherent cloud of photons. The resultant coherent state vectors of photons
generate a non-trivial representation of the localized algebra of observables
that do not support a representation of the Lorentz group: Lorentz symmetry is
spontaneously broken. We show in particular that Lorentz boost generators
diverge in this representation, a result shown also in [1] (See also [2]).
Localization of observables, for example in the Rindler wedge, uses Poincar\'e
invariance in an essential way [3]. Hence in the presence of charged fields,
the photon observables cannot be localized in the Rindler wedge.
These observations may have a bearing on the black hole information loss
paradox, as the physics in the exterior of the black hole has points of
resemblance to that in the Rindler wedge.Comment: 11 page
The Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment in the Reduced Minimal 3-3-1 Model
We study the muon anomalous magnetic moment in the context of
the reduced minimal 3-3-1 model recently proposed in the literature. In
particular, its spectrum contains a doubly charged scalar () and
gauge boson (), new singly charged vectors () and a
boson, each of which might give a sizeable contribution to the
. We compute the 1-loop contributions from all these new particles
to the . We conclude that the doubly charged vector boson provides
the dominant contribution, and by comparing our results with the experimental
constraints we derive an expected value for the scale of symmetry breaking TeV. We also note that, if the
discrepancy in the anomalous moment is resolved in the future without this
model then the constraints will tighten to requiring TeV with
current precision, and will entirely rule out the model if the expected
precision is achieved by the future experiment at Fermilab.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figure
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