Adaptive supervisory switching control system design for active noise suppression of duct-like application

Active noise suppression for applications where the controlled system response varies with time is a difficult problem, especially for time varying nonlinear systems with large model error. On the basis of adaptive switching supervisory control theory, an adaptive supervisory switching control algorithm is proposed with a new controller switching strategy for active noise suppression of duct-like application. Real time experimental verification tests show that the proposed algorithm is effective with good noise suppression performance

Prediction of hydrocarbon source rock distribution using logging curves: A case study of Es32 source rock in Nanpu Sag, Huanghua depression, Bohai Bay Basin

The Es3 is the main hydrocarbon source rock system in the Nanpu Sag. Finally, the TOC and hydrocarbon potential of each sub depression of Es3were predicted. The study shows that the hydrocarbon source rocks of Es32 and Es34 sections are mainly of type II2 and type II1 respectively, with good organic matter type and high maturity. Biomarker compound parameters indicate that the Es32 section hydrocarbon source rocks developed in a semi-saline, low to medium terrestrial source organic matter supplied reduction environment with a high algal contribution; the Es34 section hydrocarbon source rocks formed in a freshwater, low terrestrial source supplied reduction environment with a medium-high algal contribution. The multiple linear regression method is more effective than the ΔlgR method in predicting hydrocarbon source rocks in the Nanpu Sag, and the prediction accuracy is higher; the correlation between TOC and S1 + S2 is the best in the model for predicting hydrocarbon potential. The TOC and hydrocarbon potential of the hydrocarbon source rocks in Es31 are generally low; the high value area of TOC and hydrocarbon potential of the hydrocarbon source rocks in Es32 is partly between the No. 1 tectonic zone and No. 5 tectonic zone in Linque sub depression, and the TOC and hydrocarbon potential of the hydrocarbon source rocks in Liunan sub depression are larger; the high value area of TOC and hydrocarbon potential of the hydrocarbon source rocks in Es34 is mainly concentrated in Shichang sub depression

Path and Ridge Regression Analysis of Seed Yield and Seed Yield Components of Russian Wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea Nevski) under Field Conditions

The correlations among seed yield components, and their direct and indirect effects on the seed yield (Z) of Russina wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea Nevski) were investigated. The seed yield components: fertile tillers m-2 (Y1), spikelets per fertile tillers (Y2), florets per spikelet- (Y3), seed numbers per spikelet (Y4) and seed weight (Y5) were counted and the Z were determined in field experiments from 2003 to 2006 via big sample size. Y1 was the most important seed yield component describing the Z and Y2 was the least. The total direct effects of the Y1, Y3 and Y5 to the Z were positive while Y4 and Y2 were weakly negative. The total effects (directs plus indirects) of the components were positively contributed to the Z by path analyses. The seed yield components Y1, Y2, Y4 and Y5 were significantly (P<0.001) correlated with the Z for 4 years totally, while in the individual years, Y2 were not significant correlated with Y3, Y4 and Y5 by Peason correlation analyses in the five components in the plant seed production. Therefore, selection for high seed yield through direct selection for large Y1, Y2 and Y3 would be effective for breeding programs in grasses. Furthermore, it is the most important that, via ridge regression, a steady algorithm model between Z and the five yield components was founded, which can be closely estimated the seed yield via the components

Effects of green decorated AgNPs on lignin-modified magnetic nanoparticles mediated by Cydonia on cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis

Sepsis is a common and deadly syndrome that despite all the progress in its control, the death rate caused by it is high. Sepsis is a serious problem that needs immediate attention and treatment. This infection, especially if it is caused by bacteria resistant to several drugs, causes high mortality. About two-thirds of sepsis cases occur in hospitalized patients. Several factors such as increasing the age of the population, increasing the duration of chronic diseases, high consumption of antibiotics and corticosteroids, use of mechanical devices and intravascular devices play a role in increasing its incidence. We herein demonstrate the biogenic procedure for the in situ immobilizing gold nanoparticles over lignin (Lig)-modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles mediated by Cydonia leaf extract (Fe3O4@Lig-Ag NPs) and its catalytic activity on the acetylation of alcohols using acetic anhydride and subsequent biological performances. The successful synthesis of Fe3O4@Lig-Ag NPs was assessed using an array of advanced techniques like field emission scanning electron microscopy, fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy EDX, elemental mapping, vibrating-sample magnetometer, and X-ray diffraction. Cecal ligation and puncture was used for inducing the sepsis model in rats. Several doses of Fe3O4@Lig-Ag NPs (45, 15, and 5 µg/kg) on oxidant–antioxidant, inflammatory mediators mRNA such as IL-1 and TNF-α, and its effects on the levels of expression were assessed in the kidney, liver, duodenum, lung, and stomach. When septic rats kidney, liver, duodenum, lung, and stomach were compared with those of the control group, it was found that Fe3O4@Lig-Ag NPs dose-dependent administration raised glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase activity and significantly reduced the levels of malondialdehyde. The Fe3O4@Lig-Ag NPs (45 µg/kg) indicated greater anti-oxidative effects than the 5 and 15 µg/kg doses for all the assessed parameters. In addition, the expression of TNF-α mRNA in the CLP + 45 µg/kg group was decreased in comparison with the control group. Fe3O4@Lig-Ag NPs reduced oxidative stress by enhancing the free radicals scavenging effects and supporting endogenous antioxidants. The Fe3O4@Lig-Ag NPs potent antioxidant property may be related to the cytokine cascade suppression during sepsis. The above findings offer that Fe3O4@Lig-Ag NPs administration may indicate a modern treatment for the inhibition of liver, kidney, lung, duodenum, and stomach tissues damage caused by septic conditions

Prognostic Value of Neutrophils-to-Lymphocytes Ratio and Platelets-to-Lymphocytes Ratio in Sepsis Patients With Lymphopenia

Background: Inflammation plays a critical role in sepsis. The integration of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelets-to-lymphocytes ratio (PLR) from multiple cell types offers a novel approach to rapidly assess inflammation status. However, the predictive role of NLR and PLR in sepsis with lymphopenia remains uncertain. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the prognostic value of NLR and PLR in sepsis patients with lymphopenia. Design and methods: In this observational retrospective study, we included 172 sepsis patients with lymphopenia and collected clinical characteristics for analysis. Through binary logistic regression analysis, we identified independent factors. Receiver-operating characteristic curves (ROC) and areas under the curves (AUC) were employed to assess the ability to predict hospital mortality risk. Results: Our results showed a total hospital mortality rate of 53.49%. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that NLR (OR = 1.11, P  < .001) and PLR (OR = 1.01, P  = .003) were independent predictors associated with hospital mortality in sepsis patients with lymphopenia. The AUCs of NLR and PLR were 0.750 (95% CI: 0.634-0.788, P  < .001) and 0.662 (95% CI: 0.580-0.743, P  < .001), respectively. Notably, an optimal cut-off value of 18.93 for NLR displayed a sensitivity of 75.0% and specificity of 63.0% in discriminating hospital mortality in sepsis patients with lymphopenia, while the optimal cut-off value for PLR was 377.50, with a sensitivity of 67.5% and specificity of 64.1%. Conclusion: NLR and PLR serve as independent predictors of hospital mortality in sepsis patients with lymphopenia

Protective effect of breviscapine on acute lung injury in rats with infectious shock

Acute lung injury (ALI), during the progression of infectious shock, leads to systemic inflammatory response syndromewith increased pulmonary capillary membrane permeability due to pulmonary inflammation and uncontrolled inflammatoryresponses. It may cause fatality in patients. Here, we evaluated the protective effect of breviscapine on ALI in rats withinfectious shock. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were assigned into Sham, model [lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group], andbreviscapine treatment groups (LPS + breviscapine group) and weighed. The lung coefficient, and the wet-to-dry weightratio (W/D) and moisture content of lung tissues were calculated. The pathological changes of the lung tissues were detectedusing hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and the protein expressions of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosisfactor-alpha (TNF-α) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blotting was conducted to measurethe protein expressions of toll-like receptor-9 (TLR-9) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) (p65). Compared with LPSgroup, breviscapine significantly lowered the lung coefficient and the W/D and moisture content of lung tissues, relieved thepathological changes of lung tissues, reduced the protein expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, weakened theactivation of NF-κB (p65) in lung tissues, and repressed the protein expressions of TLR-9 and NF-κB (p65)

Optimizing irrigation and nitrogen fertilization for seed yield in western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) Á. Löve] using a large multi-factorial field design.

It is crucial for agricultural production to identify the trigger that switches plants from vegetative to reproductive growth. Agricultural sustainability in semiarid regions is challenged by nitrogen (N) fertilizer overuse, inadequate soil water, and heavy carbon emissions. Previous studies focused on the short-term effects of a single application of N and water but have not investigated the long-term effects of different irrigation and N fertilizer regimens on crop yields and yield components. N application is routinely coupled with water availability, and crop yields can be maximized by optimizing both. We examined the growth of western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) Á. Löve], a temperate-region forage and turf grass, using multiple different combinations of N fertilizer [(NH4)2·CO3] and irrigation levels over 3 years to determine optimal field management. We conducted multifactorial, orthogonally designed field experiments with large sample sizes, and measured fertile tillers m-2 (Y1), spikelets/fertile tillers (Y2), florets/spikelet (Y3), seed numbers/spikelet (Y4), seed weight (Y5), and seed yield (Z) to study factors associated with the switch between vegetative and reproductive growth. Fertilization had a greater effect on seed yield and yield components than irrigation. Y1 had the strongest positive effect on Z, whereas Y5 had a negative effect on Z. Irrigation and fertilization affected Z, Y1, and Y5. Fertilizer concentrations were positively correlated with Z, Y1, and Y5, whereas irrigation levels were negatively correlated. The ridge regression linear model results suggested N application rate and irrigation had antagonistic effects on Y1 (X3 = 867.6-4.23×X2; R2 = 0.988, F = Infinity, P<0.0001). We conclude that the optimal amount of N fertilizer and irrigation was 156 kg ha-1 + 115 mm for seed yield, 120 kg ha-1 + 146 mm for spikelets/fertile tillers, and 108 kg ha-1 + 119 mm for seed numbers/spikelets. These results will improve yield and reduce agricultural inputs for P. smithii in semiarid and arid regions, thereby reducing fertilizer pollution and conserving water

A novel ageing-repair bacterium, Pseudomonas geniculata isolated from rescuegrass (Bromus cartharticus Vahl) promotes germination and seedling growth of the aged seeds

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are documented to relieve various biotic and abiotic stresses, but little information is available regarding their influence on germination and seedling growth of aged seeds. We isolated the promising PGPR from rescuegrass (Bromus cartharticus Vahl) roots and investigated the effect of PGPR biopriming combined with another seed priming treatment on aged rescuegrass seeds using an orthogonal matrix design with four factors. A potential ageing-repair bacterium, BCR5 (Pseudomonas geniculata), was selected from the screening trials and was identified. The reintroduction of strain BCR5 into the aged seeds pre-primed with different approaches had positive effects on the germination and seedling growth. Results indicated that the bacterial cell density was the most effective factor for seed germination and vigour. Four factors were optimized for this study including artificial ageing duration of 54.21 h, bacterial cell density of 527.50 Ă 106 CFU/mL, H2O2 priming for 14.50 h after the analyses of range, variance and binary quadratic regressions. Furthermore, the treatment also affected the malondialdehyde content and superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities. The PGPR bio-priming with another seed priming approach might be exploited as a promising technique to repair aged seeds. Moreover, it was unexpectedly found that the appropriate artificial ageing treatment could release seed dormancy.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Combinative effects of Azospirillum brasilense inoculation and chemical priming on germination behavior and seedling growth in aged grass seeds.

Germination of seeds during the transportation or after prolonged storage naturally and inevitably decreases because of ageing, but germination potential can be partially restored with seed priming treatments. A novel attempt was made to investigate the effects of combined treatments and to optimize the conditions for naturally aged seeds of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and Russian wild rye (Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski) using an orthogonal activity level experimental design [factor A: Azospirillum brasilense concentration, factor B: three seed priming treatments (H2O, MgSO4 and H2O2) and factor C: different priming times]. Multivariate regression model analysis was applied to determine the interactive effects of pairwise factors (A and C) and to optimize experimental conditions. The results showed that the mixed treatments positively affected seed germination and seedling growth. The three seed priming treatments were the dominant factors for germination promotion, whereas the bacterial concentration had the largest effect on seedling growth and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), especially root elongation. The malondialdehyde content was reduced, the activities of SOD, peroxidase and catalase were triggered, and ascorbate peroxidase activity was also affected by the co-treatment. The combined results of all determined attributes showed that A. brasilense bio-priming with H2O2 priming constituted the optimal combination. The optimal bacterial concentration of A. brasilense and the time of seed priming were 52.3 × 106 colony forming units (CFU) mL-1 and 17.0 h, respectively

Size-fractionated N2 fixation off the Changjiang Estuary during summer

Recent evidence has shown active N2 fixation in coastal eutrophic waters, yet the rate and controlling factors remain poorly understood, particularly in large estuaries. The Changjiang Estuary (CE) and adjacent shelf are characterized by fresh, nitrogen-replete Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW) and saline, nitrogen-depletion intruded Kuroshio water (Taiwan Warm Current and nearshore Kuroshio Branch Current), where N2 fixation may be contributed by different groups (i.e., Trichodesmium and heterotrophic diazotrophs). Here, for the first time, we provide direct measurement of size-fractionated N2 fixation rates (NFRs) off the CE during summer 2014 using the 15N2 bubble tracer method. The results demonstrated considerable spatial variations (southern &gt; northern; offshore &gt; inshore) in surface and depth-integrated NFRs, averaging 0.83 nmol N L−1 d−1 and 24.3 μmol N m−2 d−1, respectively. The highest bulk NFR (99.9 μmol N m−2 d−1; mostly contributed by &gt;10 μm fraction) occurred in the southeastern East China Sea, where suffered from strong intrusion of the Kuroshio water characterized by low N/P ratio (&lt;10) and abundant Trichodesmium (up to 10.23 × 106 trichomes m−2). However, low NFR (mostly contributed by &lt;10 μm fraction) was detected in the CE controlled by the CDW, where NOx concentration (up to 80 μmol L−1) and N/P ratio (&gt;100) were high and Trichodesmium abundance was low. The &gt;10 μm fraction accounted for 60% of depth-integrated bulk NFR over the CE and adjacent shelf. We speculated that the present NFR of &gt;10 μm fraction was mostly supported by Trichodesmium. Spearman rank correlation indicated that the NFR was significantly positively correlated with Trichodesmium abundance, salinity, temperature and Secchi depth, but was negatively with turbidity, N/P ratio, NOx, and chlorophyll a concentration. Our study suggests that distribution and size structure of N2 fixation off the CE are largely regulated by water mass (intruded Kuroshio water and CDW) movement and associated diazotrophs (particularly Trichodesmium) and nutrient conditions