10 research outputs found
Manipulation of Crystallization Kinetics for Perovskite Photovoltaics Prepared Using Two-Step Method
Two-step fabricated perovskite solar cells have attracted considerable attention because of their good reproducibility and controllable crystallization during production. Optimizing the quality of perovskite films plays a decisive role in realizing superb performance via a two-step method. Many breakthroughs have been achieved to obtain high-quality film from the perspective of manipulating crystallization kinetics in the two-step preparation process, which promotes the rapid development of perovskite photovoltaics. Therefore, focusing on the crystallization process in the two-step preparation process can provide a reliable basis for optimizing the performance of two-step devices. In this review, recent progress on regulating the crystallization process for two-step PSCs is systematically reviewed. Firstly, a specific description and discussion are provided on the crystallization process of perovskite in different two-step methods, including spin-coating, immersion and evaporation. Next, to obtain high-quality perovskite film via these two-step methods, current strategies of additive engineering, composition engineering, and solvent engineering for regulating the crystallization process for two-step perovskite are classified and investigated. Lastly, the challenges which hindering the performance of the two-step perovskite photovoltaics and an outlook toward further developments are proposed
Manipulation of Crystallization Kinetics for Perovskite Photovoltaics Prepared Using Two-Step Method
Two-step fabricated perovskite solar cells have attracted considerable attention because of their good reproducibility and controllable crystallization during production. Optimizing the quality of perovskite films plays a decisive role in realizing superb performance via a two-step method. Many breakthroughs have been achieved to obtain high-quality film from the perspective of manipulating crystallization kinetics in the two-step preparation process, which promotes the rapid development of perovskite photovoltaics. Therefore, focusing on the crystallization process in the two-step preparation process can provide a reliable basis for optimizing the performance of two-step devices. In this review, recent progress on regulating the crystallization process for two-step PSCs is systematically reviewed. Firstly, a specific description and discussion are provided on the crystallization process of perovskite in different two-step methods, including spin-coating, immersion and evaporation. Next, to obtain high-quality perovskite film via these two-step methods, current strategies of additive engineering, composition engineering, and solvent engineering for regulating the crystallization process for two-step perovskite are classified and investigated. Lastly, the challenges which hindering the performance of the two-step perovskite photovoltaics and an outlook toward further developments are proposed
Understanding the Electrochemical Formation and Decomposition of Li2O2 and LiOH with Operando X-ray Diffraction
The lithium air, or LiāO2, battery system is a promising electrochemical energy storage system because of its very high theoretical specific energy, as required by automotive applications. Fundamental research has resulted in much progress in mitigating detrimental (electro)chemical processes; however, the detailed structural evolution of the crystalline Li2O2 and LiOH discharge products, held at least partially responsible for the limited reversibility and poor rate performance, is hard to measure operando under realistic electrochemical conditions. This study uses Rietveld refinement of operando X-ray diffraction data during a complete dischargeācharge cycle to reveal the detailed structural evolution of Li2O2 and LiOH crystallites in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) and DME/LiI electrolytes, respectively. The anisotropic broadened reflections confirm and quantify the platelet crystallite shape of Li2O2 and LiOH and show how the average crystallite shape evolves during discharge and charge. Li2O2 is shown to form via a nucleation and growth mechanism, whereas the decomposition appears to start at the smallest Li2O2 crystallite sizes because of their larger exposed surface. In the presence of LiI, platelet LiOH crystallites are formed by a particle-by-particle nucleation and growth process, and at the end of discharge, H2O depletion is suggested to result in substoichiometric Li(OH)1āx, which appears to be preferentially decomposed during charging. Operando X-ray diffraction proves the cyclic formation and decomposition of the LiOH crystallites in the presence of LiI over multiple cycles, and the structural evolution provides key information for understanding and improving these highly relevant electrochemical systems.RST/Fundamental Aspects of Materials and EnergyChemE/Materials for Energy Conversion & Storag
Understanding the Electrochemical Formation and Decomposition of Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and LiOH with <i>Operando</i> Xāray Diffraction
The
lithium air, or LiāO<sub>2</sub>, battery system is
a promising electrochemical energy storage system because of its very
high theoretical specific energy, as required by automotive applications.
Fundamental research has resulted in much progress in mitigating detrimental
(electro)Āchemical processes; however, the detailed structural evolution
of the crystalline Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and LiOH discharge
products, held at least partially responsible for the limited reversibility
and poor rate performance, is hard to measure <i>operando</i> under realistic electrochemical conditions. This study uses Rietveld
refinement of <i>operando</i> X-ray diffraction data during
a complete dischargeācharge cycle to reveal the detailed structural
evolution of Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and LiOH crystallites in
1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) and DME/LiI electrolytes, respectively.
The anisotropic broadened reflections confirm and quantify the platelet
crystallite shape of Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and LiOH and show
how the average crystallite shape evolves during discharge and charge.
Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> is shown to form via a nucleation and
growth mechanism, whereas the decomposition appears to start at the
smallest Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> crystallite sizes because of
their larger exposed surface. In the presence of LiI, platelet LiOH
crystallites are formed by a particle-by-particle nucleation and growth
process, and at the end of discharge, H<sub>2</sub>O depletion is
suggested to result in substoichiometric LiĀ(OH)<sub>1ā<i>x</i></sub>, which appears to be preferentially decomposed during
charging. <i>Operando</i> X-ray diffraction proves the cyclic
formation and decomposition of the LiOH crystallites in the presence
of LiI over multiple cycles, and the structural evolution provides
key information for understanding and improving these highly relevant
electrochemical systems
ThiolāFunctionalized Conjugated MetalāOrganic Frameworks for Stable and Efficient Perovskite Photovoltaics
Abstract Metalāorganic frameworks (MOFs) have been investigated recently in perovskite photovoltaics owing to their potential to boost optoelectronic performance and device stability. However, the impact of variations in the MOF side chain on perovskite characteristics and the mechanism of MOF/perovskite film formation remains unclear. In this study, three nanoscale thiolāfunctionalized UiOā66ātype Zrābased MOFs (UiOā66ā(SH)2, UiOā66āMSA, and UiOā66āDMSA) are systematically employed and examined in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Among these MOFs, UiOā66ā(SH)2, with its rigid organic ligands, exhibited a strong interaction with perovskite materials with more efficient suppression of perovskite vacancy defects. More importantly, A detailed and inādepth discussion is provided on the formation mechanism of UiOā66ā(SH)2āassisted perovskite film upon in situ GIWAXS performed during the annealing process. The incorporation of UiOā66ā(SH)2 additives substantially facilitates the conversion of PbI2 into the perovskite phase, prolongs the duration of stage I, and induces a delayed phase transformation pathway. Consequently, the UiOā66ā(SH)2āassisted device demonstrates reduced defect density and superior optoelectronic properties with optimized power conversion efficiency of 24.09% and enhanced longāterm stability under ambient environment and continuous light illumination conditions. This study acts as a helpful design guide for desired MOF/perovskite structures, enabling further advancements in MOF/perovskite optoelectronic devices
ThiolāFunctionalized Conjugated MetalāOrganic Frameworks for Stable and Efficient Perovskite Photovoltaics
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been investigated recently in perovskite photovoltaics owing to their potential to boost optoelectronic performance and device stability. However, the impact of variations in the MOF side chain on perovskite characteristics and the mechanism of MOF/perovskite film formation remains unclear. In this study, three nanoscale thiol-functionalized UiO-66-type Zr-based MOFs (UiO-66-(SH)2 , UiO-66-MSA, and UiO-66-DMSA) are systematically employed and examined in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Among these MOFs, UiO-66-(SH)2 , with its rigid organic ligands, exhibited a strong interaction with perovskite materials with more efficient suppression of perovskite vacancy defects. More importantly, A detailed and in-depth discussion is provided on the formation mechanism of UiO-66-(SH)2 -assisted perovskite film upon in situ GIWAXS performed during the annealing process. The incorporation of UiO-66-(SH)2 additives substantially facilitates the conversion of PbI2 into the perovskite phase, prolongs the duration of stage I, and induces a delayed phase transformation pathway. Consequently, the UiO-66-(SH)2 -assisted device demonstrates reduced defect density and superior optoelectronic properties with optimized power conversion efficiency of 24.09% and enhanced long-term stability under ambient environment and continuous light illumination conditions. This study acts as a helpful design guide for desired MOF/perovskite structures, enabling further advancements in MOF/perovskite optoelectronic devices