SURVEY AND PROPOSED METHOD TO DETECT ADVERSARIAL EXAMPLES USING AN ADVERSARIAL RETRAINING MODEL

Artificial intelligence (AI) has found applications across various sectors and industries, offering numerous advantages to human beings. One prominent area where AI has made significant contributions is in machine learning models. These models have revolutionized various fields, benefiting society in numerous ways, from self-driving cars and intelligent chatbots to automated facial authentication systems. However, in recent years, machine learning models have been the target of various attack methods. One common and dangerous attack method is adversarial attack, where modified input images can cause misclassification or erroneous predictions by the models. To confront that challenge, we present a novel approach called adversarial retraining that uses adversarial examples to train machine learning and deep learning models. This technique aims to enhance the robustness and performance of these models by subjecting them to adversarial scenarios during the training process. In this paper, we survey detection methods and propose a method to detect adversarial examples using YOLOv7, a commonly used intensive research model. By training adversarial retraining and conducting experiments, we show that the proposed method is an effective solution for helping deep learning models detect certain cases of adversarial examples

Experiments and optimization for the WEDM process: A trade-off analysis between surface quality and production rate

This work addressed a parameter optimization to simultaneously decrease the root mean square roughness (Rq) as well as the thickness of the white layer (TW) and improve the material removal rate (MRR) for the wire electro-discharge machining (WEDM) of a stainless steel 304 (SS304). The factors considered are the discharge current (C), the gap voltage (VO), the pulse on time (POT), and the wire drum speed (SP). The interpolative radius basic function (RBF) is applied to show the correlation between the varied factors and WEDM performances measured. The optimal selection is chosen using the multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO). Moreover, a traditional one using the response surface method (RSM) and desirability approach (DA) is adopted to compare the working efficiency of two optimization techniques. The results showed that the optimal findings of the C, POT, VO, and SP are 5.0 A, 1.0 µs, 61.0 V, and 8.0 m/min, respectively. The values of the Rq and TW are decreased by approximately 33.33% and 23.53%, respectively, while the MRR enhances 47.42% at the optimal selection, as compared to the common values used. The BRF-MOPSO can provide better performance than the RSM-DA

Force reflecting joystick control for applications to bilateral teleoperation in construction machinery

This paper presents a simple and effective force reflecting joystick controller for applications to bilateral teleoperation in construction machinery. First, this controller is a combination of an advanced force reflecting gain tuner and two local adaptive controllers, master and slave. Second, the force reflecting gain tuner is effectively designed using recursive least square method and fuzzy logics to estimate directly and accurately the environmental characteristics and, consequently, to produce properly a force reflection. Third, the local adaptive controllers are simply designed using fuzzy technique and optimized using a smart leaning mechanism to ensure that the slave follows well any given trajectory while the operator is able to achieve truly physical perception of interactions at the remote site. An experimental master-slave manipulator is setup and real-time control tests are carried out under various environmental conditions to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed controller

Recent remarkable records reveal that Phia Oac-Phia Den Nature Reserve is a priority area for bat conservation in Northern Vietnam

AbstractThree short field surveys were conducted in the Phia Oac-Phia Den Nature Reserve to assess the species diversity and endemism of local bat fauna. In combination with data from a previous study, 24 bat species of 5 families, representing > 20% of the national bat diversity, were recorded in the study area. The occurrence of several bat species restricted to montane forests, that is, Murina chrysochaetes, Pipistrellus coromandra, and a potentially new species Rhinolophus cf. macrotis, suggests that Phia Oac is an important area for bat conservation in Vietnam and thus more comprehensive studies need to be performed

Tuberculosis among economic migrants: a cross-sectional study of the risk of poor treatment outcomes and impact of a treatment adherence intervention among temporary residents in an urban district in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of avoidable deaths. Economic migrants represent a vulnerable population due to their exposure to medical and social risk factors. These factors expose them to higher risks for TB incidence and poor treatment outcomes. METHODS This cross-sectional study evaluated WHO-defined TB treatment outcomes among economic migrants in an urban district of Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. We measured the association of a patient's government-defined residency status with treatment success and loss to follow-up categories at baseline and performed a comparative interrupted time series (ITS) analysis to assess the impact of community-based adherence support on treatment outcomes. Key measures of interest of the ITS were the differences in step change (β) and post-intervention trend (β). RESULTS Short-term, inter-province migrants experienced lower treatment success (aRR = 0.95 [95% CI: 0.92-0.99], p = 0.010) and higher loss to follow-up (aOR = 1.98 [95% CI: 1.44-2.72], p  55 years of age (aRR = 0.93 [95% CI: 0.89-0.96], p < 0.001), relapse patients (aRR = 0.89 [95% CI: 0.84-0.94], p < 0.001), and retreatment patients (aRR = 0.62 [95% CI: 0.52-0.75], p < 0.001) had lower treatment success rates. TB/HIV co-infection was also associated with lower treatment success (aRR = 0.77 [95% CI: 0.73-0.82], p < 0.001) and higher loss to follow-up (aOR = 2.18 [95% CI: 1.55-3.06], p < 0.001). The provision of treatment adherence support increased treatment success (IRR(β) = 1.07 [95% CI: 1.00, 1.15], p = 0.041) and reduced loss to follow-up (IRR(β) = 0.17 [95% CI: 0.04, 0.69], p = 0.013) in the intervention districts. Loss to follow-up continued to decline throughout the post-implementation period (IRR(β) = 0.90 [95% CI: 0.83, 0.98], p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS Economic migrants, particularly those crossing provincial borders, have higher risk of poor treatment outcomes and should be prioritized for tailored adherence support. In light of accelerating urbanization in many regions of Asia, implementation trials are needed to inform evidence-based design of strategies for this vulnerable population

Enhancement of current-voltage characteristics of multilayer organic light emitting diodes by using nanostructured composite films

With the aim of improving the photonic efficiency of an organic light emitting diode (OLED) and its display duration, both the hole transport layer (HTL) and the emitting layer (EL) were prepared as nanostructured thin films. For the HTL, nanocomposite films were prepared by spin-coating a homogeneous solution of low molecular weight poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT-PSS) and surfactant-capped TiO2 nanocrystals onto low resistivity indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates; for the EL, nancrystalline titatium oxide (nc-TiO2)-embedded Poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV+nc-TiO2) conjugate polymers were spin-coated onto the HTL. Also, for a shallow contact of Al/LiF/MEH-PPV instead of Al/MEH-PPV a super LiF thin film was deposited onto the EL by vacuum evaporation. The resulting multilayer OLED had the following structure of Al/LiF/MEH-PPV+nc-TiO2/PEDOT-PSS+nc-TiO2/ITO. Characterization of the nanocomposite films showed that both the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and the photoluminescent properties of the nanocomposite materials were significantly enhanced in comparison with the standard polymers. OLEDs made from these layers would exhibit a large photonic efficiency

Factors Affecting University Brand Management in Vietnam: An Exploratory Study at Private Universities in Hanoi

The research is aimed at identifying factors affecting university brand management by surveying private universities in Hanoi. Despite the vast amount of brand literature, it has received little attention in higher education settings, making the exploratory research method an appropriate choice. When observing the current situation from an unexplored perspective, the exploration design is a reasonable choice. Face-to-face and online interviews were conducted to exchange information and analyze the interaction of factors in brand management activities and the future university development orientation. Brand behavior and brand management of the university, competitiveness enhancement, and policies on university branding are among the factors that have a significant impact

Acute Kidney Injury After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Guided by Intravascular Ultrasound

Purpose We investigated the impact of intravascular ultrasound guidance on reducing the incidence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods Ninety-nine patients were enrolled in this prospective cohort who were not randomly assigned to angiography-guided percutaneous coronary intervention or intravascular ultrasound-guided percutaneous coronary intervention. The patients were hospitalized at the Vietnam National Heart Institute - Bach Mai Hospital between 2019 and 2020. Acute kidney injury incidence during hospitalization was the primary endpoint. Results A total of 99 patients were divided into two groups: the intravascular ultrasound-guided group (33 participants) and the angiography-guided group (66 participants). The mean ± SD contrast volume of each group was 95.2 ± 37.1 mL and 133.0 ± 36.0 mL for the ultrasound-guided and angiography-guided groups, with P \u3c 0.0001. Intravascular imaging-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (IVUS-guided PCI) was associated with reduced acute kidney injury incidence during hospitalization: 0.0% vs. 12.12% and P = 0.049. Conclusions Intravascular ultrasound is a safe imaging tool that guides percutaneous coronary intervention and significantly reduces the rate of acute kidney injury compared to angiography alone. Patients who have a high chance of experiencing acute kidney injury benefit from using intravascular ultrasound

CONSERVATION STATUS AND RESEARCH ON PROPAGATION OF CAMELLIA PIQUETIANA IN LAM DONG PROVINCE, VIETNAM

Camellia piquetiana, one of the endemic species of Vietnam, is classified as Critically Endangered (CR) by the IUCN. A reassessment of its conservation status and research into propagation methods are essential for its conservation. Our survey recorded 246 mature individuals in the wild at three locations in Lam Dong Province: Bao Loc City, Bao Lam District, and Da Huoai District. The conservation assessment for this species, determined with GeoCat software, is still CR. Propagation by partially uncoated seeds had a higher propagation efficiency than by coated seeds. The germination percentage was 92.22%; the seeds began germination after 11 days and finished after 29.33 days. The results showed that stem cuttings immersed in a concentration of 500 ppm indole-3-butyric acid for 10 minutes with a 100% coir substrate gave the highest survival percentage (90.00%), rooting percentage (86.67%), average number of roots (4.54), root length (4.86 cm), and rooting index (21.98) after 90 days