403 research outputs found
Corporate governance and the informativeness of disclosures in Australia:a re-examination
We re-examine the association between corporate governance and disclosures reported by Beekes and Brown (2006), using an extended time series of Australian data. Since the ASX corporate governance guidelines were introduced in 2003, firms generally have increased their disclosure frequency and demonstrated an improvement in the timeliness of bad news relative to good news, indicating a levelling of disclosure practices and greater transparency. Better governed firms have become more cautious in their disclosure practices. However they continue to be more balanced with respect to good and bad news timeliness. Changes to disclosure laws have also influenced company practices
Financial integration and the transparency of firms in emerging capital markets
We examine the association between financial integration and capital market transparency of emerging-market firms. We use four intra-year price timeliness measures derived from the Beekes and Brown (2006, 2007) methods as indicators of the firm’s transparency. The sample comprises 57,465 firm-year observations on listed companies in 24 emerging economies over the period 1995-2010. As expected, we find that greater financial integration is associated with greater transparency, and that the effect is more pronounced when the news about the firm is bad. Using structural equation modelling (SEM), we find evidence of a mechanism through which financial integration enhances the information environment: improved corporate governance
Reweighted lp Constraint LMS-Based Adaptive Sparse Channel Estimation for Cooperative Communication System
This paper studies the issue of sparsity adaptive channel reconstruction in time-varying cooperative
communication networks through the amplify-and-forward transmission scheme. A new sparsity adaptive system
identification method is proposed, namely reweighted norm ( < < ) penalized least mean square(LMS)algorithm.
The main idea of the algorithm is to add a norm penalty of sparsity into the cost function of the LMS algorithm. By doing
so, the weight factor becomes a balance parameter of the associated norm adaptive sparse system identification.
Subsequently, the steady state of the coefficient misalignment vector is derived theoretically, with a performance upper
bounds provided which serve as a sufficient condition for the LMS channel estimation of the precise reweighted norm.
With the upper bounds, we prove that the ( < < ) norm sparsity inducing cost function is superior to the
reweighted norm. An optimal selection of for the norm problem is studied to recover various sparse channel
vectors. Several experiments verify that the simulation results agree well with the theoretical analysis, and thus
demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has a better convergence speed and better steady state behavior than other LMS
algorithms
SCAN: Semantic Communication with Adaptive Channel Feedback
In existing semantic communication systems for image transmission, some
images are generally reconstructed with considerably low quality. As a result,
the reliable transmission of each image cannot be guaranteed, bringing
significant uncertainty to semantic communication systems. To address this
issue, we propose a novel performance metric to characterize the reliability of
semantic communication systems termed semantic distortion outage probability
(SDOP), which is defined as the probability of the instantaneous distortion
larger than a given target threshold. Then, since the images with lower
reconstruction quality are generally less robust and need to be allocated with
more communication resources, we propose a novel framework of Semantic
Communication with Adaptive chaNnel feedback (SCAN). It can reduce SDOP by
adaptively adjusting the overhead of channel feedback for images with different
reconstruction qualities, thereby enhancing transmission reliability. To
realize SCAN, we first develop a deep learning-enabled semantic communication
system for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels (DeepSC-MIMO) by
leveraging the channel state information (CSI) and noise variance in the model
design. We then develop a performance evaluator to predict the reconstruction
quality of each image at the transmitter by distilling knowledge from
DeepSC-MIMO. In this way, images with lower predicted reconstruction quality
will be allocated with a longer CSI codeword to guarantee the reconstruction
quality. We perform extensive experiments to demonstrate that the proposed
scheme can significantly improve the reliability of image transmission while
greatly reducing the feedback overhead
Alleviating Distortion Accumulation in Multi-Hop Semantic Communication
Recently, semantic communication has been investigated to boost the
performance of end-to-end image transmission systems. However, existing
semantic approaches are generally based on deep learning and belong to lossy
transmission. Consequently, as the receiver continues to transmit received
images to another device, the distortion of images accumulates with each
transmission. Unfortunately, most recent advances overlook this issue and only
consider single-hop scenarios, where images are transmitted only once from a
transmitter to a receiver. In this letter, we propose a novel framework of a
multi-hop semantic communication system. To address the problem of distortion
accumulation, we introduce a novel recursive training method for the encoder
and decoder of semantic communication systems. Specifically, the received
images are recursively input into the encoder and decoder to retrain the
semantic communication system. This empowers the system to handle distorted
received images and achieve higher performance. Our extensive simulation
results demonstrate that the proposed methods significantly alleviate
distortion accumulation in multi-hop semantic communication
Financial integration and emerging markets capital structure
a b s t r a c t This paper investigates the impact of country-level financial integration on corporate financing choices in emerging economies. Examining 4477 public firms from 24 countries, we find that corporate leverage is positively related to credit market integration and negatively related to equity market integration. As integration proceeds to higher levels, high-growth firms seem to obtain more debt than low-growth firms; large firms seem to obtain more debt -especially long-term debt -and issue more equity than small firms. Also, there is evidence that firms are able to borrow more funds in countries with more efficient legal systems during integration process
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