“中国制造”国际形象的 媒体话语研究 = International Image of “Made in China” in Media Discourse

本文以《纽约时报》近二十五年对“中国 制造”报道为研究对象，从新闻话语的话语主 题、话语风格和修辞策略三个方面进行探讨， 再现了美国主流媒体对“中国制造”国际形象 的历史演变过程。研究表明，以《纽约时报》 为代表的美国主流媒介在四个历史阶段对“中 国制造”报道的主题涉及“产品标识、知识产 权、产品价格与质量、工人工作环境与待遇、 中国环境问题”等，新闻报道运用贬义词汇、 转述动词、隐喻等语言形式和话语策略，重塑 了美国大众对“中国制造”的社会认知模式。 “中国制造”的媒体形象变化与中国出口产品的 质量直接相关；美国媒体呈现的“中国制造” 产品形象与中国国家形象彼此影响。 This study aims at analyzing language forms, discursive strategies and discourse themes, focusing on the changes of international image of “Made in China” in the news reports of “New York Time” in the past 25 years. The result shows that the image of “Made in China” is constructed through methods of lexical choice, discursive stylistics, and rhetorical strategies, which is modeled under of framework of social cognition and interact with social and economic practices in daily life. The image was reflected in analyzing the theme of the relevant discourse, which covers “product symbol, copyright, product price and quality, working environment and salary of Chinese workers, and Chinese environment” and etc. These reports reconstruct the public’s social cognition towards “Made in China” by using language forms and discourse strategies contain derogatory terms, reporting verbs, and metaphors. These themes correlate with the export good quality of “Made in China” mixture context of discourse harmony and conflic

Cultural Discourse Study of Media Environmental Communication: A Case Analysis of the Coverage of Chinese Documentary of Haze in American Main Stream Medias

本文以美国主流媒体关于“柴静雾霾纪录 片”的新闻报道为研究对象，采用文化话语研 究方法，从标题分析、话语主题、词汇选择、 转述引语以及话语的历史、文化关系等多个方 面进行剖析，梳理出美国媒体从外媒视角对这 一环境事件的关注点，探讨其背后影响环境话 语的社会历史原因。研究结果表明：（1）美国 主流媒体镜像涉及环境概念理论的普及、中国 政府在环境问题治理上的不力，以及中国民众 对环境问题事实的知情权；（2）美国主流媒体 采用话语转述、词汇选择、修辞手段等多重话 语策略体现其以欧美西方国家为中心的传播价 值观和传播理念；（3）美国媒体上出现的中国 环境问题与美国环境发展的历史走向与中美环 境传播文化的差异息息相关。 Frame upon the Cultural Discourse Studies, the present paper focuses on the news discourse about Chai Jing’s documentary “Under the Dome” in American mainstream media, investigating the discourse topic, manner and rhetoric as well as the historical, environmental development and cultural reasons between these two countries. It is found that (1) the Chinese environmental discourse in American mainstream medias concerns the topics likes the popularization of environmental conception, the environmental ineffectiveness of government administration,and the Chinese public’s right to environmental problems; (2) the discourse manners like choice of lexicon, speech quotation, and rhetorical feature applied in American mainstream media has presented the communicative values and conceptions of western country; (3) the Chinese environmental discourse in American media is related with the historical and cultural difference between the two countries

Sustainable Development of Language Communication: Localization and Innovation of Confucius Institutes in Spain

[ES] Como típica educación transfronteriza, el Instituto Confucio ha cumplido su función de difundir el idioma chino en todo el mundo desde su fundación en 2004. La localización del proceso de enseñanza hacia el sistema educativo y cultural regional se vuelve clave para la sostenibilidad de IC en el extranjero. Este artículo adopta una metodología cualitativa de entrevistas en profundidad entre 18 participantes que son personal administrativo y docente de las IC de España para investigar la motivación característica, el camino, el modo y la eficacia de la IC con el fin de buscar nuevas formas de resolver los problemas de posicionamiento regional, estrategia integradora y desarrollo postpandemia desde la perspectiva de la especificidad del país y la localización para la educación transfronteriza. Los hallazgos de este estudio muestran que los IC en España promueven la fertilización cruzada entre profesores de chino y español, comparten valores centrales de manera táctica a través de la cultura transnacional y fortalecen una cognición positiva entre los medios locales y los estudiantes. Para lograr la profundidad y amplitud de la localización de la educación china en España, se deben adoptar las siguientes estrategias: Centrarse en los valores económicos y culturales del idioma chino, investigar en profundidad las políticas lingüísticas locales y promover la plena integración del chino en el sistema educativo nacional español; formular las estrategias de adaptación para la localización de estándares internacionales de nivel de chino para aumentar la oferta de recursos de enseñanza de chino; comprender la situación actual de la formación del profesorado en educación china en España y ayudar a la formación del profesorado local en todos los niveles; mejorar la capacidad del servicio de precisión de la educación china internacional.[EN] : Confucius Institute has fulfilled its function of spreading of Chinese language around the world since it was founded in 2004. Localization of teaching process towards regional educational and cultural system becomes key important for the sustainability of CI overseas. This paper adopts qualitative methodology of in-depth interviews among 18 participants who are administrative and teaching staff in the CIs of Spain to investigate the characteristic motivation, path, mode and effectiveness of CI in order to seek new ways to solve the problems of regional positioning, integrative strategy and postpandemic development from the perspective of country-specificity and localization for the cross-border education. The findings of this study show that the CIs in Spain promote cross-fertilization between Chinese and Spanish teachers, share core values tactically via transnational culture and strengthen a positive cognition among local media and learners. In order to achieve the depth and breadth of the localization of Chinese education in Spain, the following strategies should be adopted: Targeting the economic and cultural values of Chinese language, investigating the local language policies in depth, and promoting the full integration of Chinese into the Spanish national education system; formulating the adaptive strategies for the localization of international Chinese level standards to increase the supply of Chinese teaching resources; understanding the current situation of teacher training in Chinese education in Spain and assisting the local teacher training at all levels; improving the ability of international Chinese education precision service.[ZH] 孔子学院自2004年成立以来，就一直在世界范围内发挥着传播中国语言文化的作用。国 际中文区域教育和文化传播的本土化发展是孔子学院海外可持续发展的关键。本文对18位在西班牙 孔子学院工作的行政和教学人员进行访谈，总结孔子学院本土化发展的特征、动因、路径、模式以及 有效性，以寻求解决区域发展的创新策略与途径。新冠疫情后时代跨境教育国别化与本土化研究结果 表明，西班牙孔子学院促进了中西教师之间的交流，增强了当地媒体和学习者对孔子学院文化身份和 教育身份的积极认知。西班牙的经济、社会、文化和教育环境是孔子学院本土化的基本动因，同时， 为进一步加强西班牙中文教育发展的深度和广度，还应采取如下完善策略：明确中文在当地的语言价 值；深入考察当地语言政策，促进中文全面纳入西班牙国民教育体系；制定国际汉语水平标准本土对 接方案；增加中文教学资源供给；协助当地各层级中文教师师资培训；提升国际中文教育精准服务能 力

Steiner network construction for signal net routing with double-sided timing constraints

Compared to conventional Steiner tree signal net routing, non-tree topology is often superior in many aspects including timing performance, tolerance to open faults and variations. In nano-scale VLSI designs, interconnect delay is a performance bottleneck and variation effects are increasingly problematic. Therefore the advantages of non-tree topology are particularly appealing for timing critical net routings in nano-scale VLSI designs. We propose Steiner network construction heuristics which can generate either tree or non-tree of signal net with different slack wirelength tradeoffs, and handle both long path and short path constraints. Extensive experiments in different scenarios show that our heuristics usually improve timing slack by hundreds of pico seconds compared to traditional tree approaches while increasing only slightly in wirelength. These results show that our algorithm is a very promising approach for timing critical net routings

Dynamic screening of quasiparticles in WS2_2 monolayers

We unravel the influence of quasiparticle screening in the non-equilibrium exciton dynamics of monolayer WS$_2$. We report pump photon energy-dependent exciton blue/red-shifts from time-resolved-reflectance contrast measurements. Based on a phenomenological model, we isolate the effective impact of excitons and free carriers on the renormalization of the quasi-free particle band gap, exciton binding energy and linewidth broadening. This work provides a comprehensive picture of the competing phenomena governing the exciton dynamics in WS$_2$ upon photoexcitation

image of confucius institute in italian media discourse

Along with a considerable increase of thepeople involved in studying Chinese culture andChinese language, Confucius Institute, initiallyfounded in 2004 in Seoul, South Korea,provoked different reactions regarding to themanagement and the activity held. Especiallyon American press, the debate focused on whatthe real aim of the project consists in, has beenretained responsible for political propagandaand a threat for the academic freedom. Soonthe debate involved reporters, journalists,Chinese Studies experts, sinologists andConfucius Institutes directors from every part ofthe world, leading the debate to aninternational dimension. 32 articles publishedsince 2010 on the Italian national newspapers,periodicals, specialized website and onlinechannels, have been collected and examined inorder to propose a critical analysis on how theimage of Confucius Institute is perceived in Italythrough examining the discourse of the Italianpress and the voices of the experts in the press.</p

Hyperspectral microscopy of two-dimensional semiconductors

Here we present an interferometric wide field hyperspectral microscope based on a common-path birefringent interferometer with translating wedges, to measure photoluminescence emission from two-dimensional semiconductors. We show diffraction-limited hyperspectral photoluminescence microscopy from two-dimensional materials across millimeter areas, proving that our hyperspectral microscope is a compact, stable and fast tool to characterize the optical properties and the morphology of 2D materials across ultralarge areas

Verbal Creativity Is Correlated With the Dynamic Reconfiguration of Brain Networks in the Resting State

Creativity is the foundation of human culture. All inventions and innovations in history rely upon us to break with the traditional thinking and create something novel. A number of neuroimaging studies have explored the neural mechanism of creativity. However, a majority of researches have focused only on the stationary functional connectivity in resting-state fMRI and task-related fMRI, neglecting the dynamic variation of brain networks. Here, we used dynamic network analysis to investigate the relation between the dynamic reorganization of brain networks and verbal creativity in 370 healthy subjects. We found that the integration of the left lingual gyrus and left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) in default mode network (DMN) and the integration of the DMN and cerebellum, frontoparietal task control network (FPTC) and auditory network (Aud) showed positive correlation with verbal creativity performance. In addition, the recruitment of the bilateral postcentral gyrus from the sensory/somatomotor network (SMN) and the recruitment of the SMN in general displayed a significant correlation with verbal creativity scores. Taken together, these results suggested that the dynamic reorganization among the brain networks involved multiple cognitive processes, such as memory retrieval, imaginative process, cognitive control – these are all important for verbal creativity. These findings provided direct evidence that verbal creativity was related to the dynamic variation of brain mechanism during resting-state, extending past research on the neural mechanism of creativity. Meanwhile, these results bought about new perspectives for verbal creative training and rehabilitation training of depression

Angiography-based coronary flow reserve: The feasibility of automatic computation by artificial intelligence

Background: Coronary flow reserve (CFR) has prognostic value in patients with coronary artery disease. However, its measurement is complex, and automatic methods for CFR computation are scarcely available. We developed an automatic method for CFR computation based on coronary angiography and assessed its feasibility. Methods: Coronary angiographies from the Corelab database were annotated by experienced analysts. A convolutional neural network (CNN) model was trained for automatic segmentation of the main coronary arteries during contrast injection. The segmentation performance was evaluated using 5-fold cross-validation. Subsequently, the CNN model was implemented into a prototype software package for automatic computation of the CFR (CFRauto) and applied on a different sample of patients with angiographies performed both at rest and during maximal hyperemia, to assess the feasibility of CFRauto and its agreement with the manual computational method based on frame count (CFRmanual). Results: Altogether, 137,126 images of 5913 angiographic runs from 2407 patients were used to develop and evaluate the CNN model. Good segmentation performance was observed. CFRauto was successfully computed in 136 out of 149 vessels (91.3%). The average analysis time to derive CFRauto was 18.1 ± 10.3 s per vessel. Moderate correlation (r = 0.51, p &lt; 0.001) was observed between CFRauto and CFRmanual, with a mean difference of 0.12 ± 0.53. Conclusions: Automatic computation of the CFR based on coronary angiography is feasible. This method might facilitate wider adoption of coronary physiology in the catheterization laboratory to assess microcirculatory function